species: Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
107 Observations
species: Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- Observer
- fcmartin
- Date
- 6/28/2021
- Quality grade
- research
- License
- CC-BY-NC
- Description
- Everything around here looked half-dead because of drought. However these laurel sumacs were blooming and the bees found them.
About
Images
Description
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Taxonomy
- kingdom: Animals (Animalia) 9953 observations
- phylum: Arthropods (Arthropoda) 5309 observations
- class: Insects (Insecta) 4601 observations
- order: Ants, Bees, Wasps, And Sawflies (Hymenoptera) 1182 observations
- family: Honey Bees, Bumble Bees, And Allies (Apidae) 267 observations
- genus: Honey Bees (Apis) 107 observations
- species: Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) 107 observations
Species Interactions
The species with links are species that have observations.
Eats
- Waterberries (Syzygium)
- Spurges (Euphorbia)
- Geraniums And Storksbills (Pelargonium)
- Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
- Broadleaf Cattail (Typha latifolia)
- Common Chickweed (Stellaria media)
- Hardy Fuchsia (Fuchsia magellanica)
- Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus)
- Tropical Milkweed (Asclepias curassavica)
- White Clover (Trifolium repens)
- Eurabbie (Eucalyptus globulus)
- American Black Nightshade (Solanum americanum)
- Rose-apple (Syzygium jambos)
- Gourds (Cucurbita)
- White Mulberry (Morus alba)
- Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
- French Broom (Genista monspessulana)
- Red-flowering Gum (Corymbia ficifolia)
- Marsh Parsley (Cyclospermum leptophyllum)
- Rhododendrons And Azaleas (Rhododendron)
- Prickly Sowthistle (Sonchus asper)
- (Tetrapanax)
- (Justicia)
- Indian Fig Opuntia (Opuntia ficus-indica)
- Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare)
- Pampas Grass (Cortaderia selloana)
- Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
- Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus)
- Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)
- Carnations (Dianthus)
- Hollyhock (Alcea rosea)
- Four O'clock Family (Nyctaginaceae)
- Chili Pepper (Capsicum annuum)
- Common Mallow (Malva sylvestris)
- Pines (Pinus)
- Crotons (Croton)
- Snakeroots (Ageratina)
- Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)
- Amaranths (Amaranthus)
- Viburnums (Viburnum)
- Century Plants (Agave)
- Common Morning-glory (Ipomoea purpurea)
- Shamel Ash (Fraxinus uhdei)
- Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera)
- Floating Primrose-willow (Ludwigia peploides)
- Cotoneasters (Cotoneaster)
- Apple-of-peru (Nicandra physalodes)
- Bird's-eye Speedwell (Veronica persica)
- Woodsorrel Family (Oxalidaceae)
- Broad-leaved Dock (Rumex obtusifolius)
- Barberries (Berberis)
- Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
- Jointed Charlock (Raphanus raphanistrum)
- Common Cat's-ear (Hypochaeris radicata)
- River Redgum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)
- Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
- Red Hot Poker (Kniphofia uvaria)
- Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
- Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)
- Castor Bean (Ricinus communis)
- Oxeye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare)
- (Baccharis)
- Blackjack (Bidens pilosa)
- Tree Privet (Ligustrum lucidum)
- Dandelions (Taraxacum)
- Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus)
- (Ceanothus)
- Rose Family (Rosaceae)
- Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa)
- (Brassiceae)
- Legumes (Fabaceae)
- (Convolvuleae)
- Fiddlenecks (Amsinckia)
- Redbuds (Cercis)
- Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea)
- Treasure Flowers (Gazania)
- Mountain Mint (Pycnanthemum)
- Mustard Family (Brassicaceae)
- Pokers (Kniphofia)
- Jade Plant (Crassula ovata)
- Gum Trees (Eucalypteae)
- Lavender (Lavandula)
- Stonecrop Family (Crassulaceae)
- California Sagebrush (Artemisia californica)
- Sages (Salvia)
- Mint Family (Lamiaceae)
- Mallow And Hibiscus Family (Malvaceae)
- Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia)
- Coyote Brush (Baccharis pilularis)
- Common Ivy (Hedera helix)
- Heart-leaf Ice Plant (Mesembryanthemum cordifolium)
- Sunflowers, Daisies, Asters, And Allies (Asteraceae)
- Bermuda Buttercup (Oxalis pes-caprae)
- White Sweetclover (Melilotus albus)
- Purple Heart (Tradescantia pallida)
- Brambles (Rubus)
- Bottlebrushes (Melaleuca)
- (Monardella)
- Ivies (Hedera)
- Trailing African Daisy (Dimorphotheca fruticosa)
- (Asteroideae)
- Thistles (Cirsium)
- Dicots (Magnoliopsida)
- Bearberries And Manzanitas (Arctostaphylos)
- Orange Bush Monkeyflower (Diplacus aurantiacus)
- Evening Primroses, Sundrops, And Beeblossoms (Oenothera)
- Big Berry Manzanita (Arctostaphylos glauca)
- Swamplilies (Crinum)
- Speedwells (Veronica)
- Nightshades (Solanum)
- Roses (Rosa)
- (Cichorieae)
- Bristly Oxtongue (Helminthotheca echioides)
- Sweet Alyssum (Lobularia maritima)
- (Amygdaloideae)
- Asters And Allies (Astereae)
- Stonecrops (Sedum)
- Cabbages And Mustards (Brassica)
- Morning-glories (Ipomoea)
- American Asters (Symphyotrichum)
- Borage Family (Boraginaceae)
- Gumplants (Grindelia)
- Blanket Flowers (Gaillardia)
- Panicled Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum)
- New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
- California Fuchsia (Epilobium canum)
- Basils (Ocimum)
- California Buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum)
- European Searocket (Cakile maritima)
- Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia)
- Mallows (Malva)
- Wild Radish (Raphanus sativus)
- Goldenrods (Solidago)
- Coneflowers (Echinacea)
- Bignonia Family (Bignoniaceae)
- Purple Wood Sage (Salvia nemorosa)
- Marigolds (Tagetes)
- Wild Buckwheats (Eriogonum)
- Viper's-buglosses (Echium)
- Rubber Rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa)
- Desert Broom (Baccharis sarothroides)
- Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus)
- Nightshade Family (Solanaceae)
- Mints, Plantains, Olives, And Allies (Lamiales)
- Creeping Myoporum (Myoporum parvifolium)
- Cowpen Daisy (Verbesina encelioides)
- Knotweeds, Smartweeds, And Waterpeppers (Persicaria)
- Artichoke Thistle (Cynara cardunculus)
- Afro-australian Daisies (Dimorphotheca)
- European Bramble Complex (Rubus fruticosus)
- California Brittlebush (Encelia californica)
- California Poppy (Eschscholzia californica)
- Woolly Hedgenettle (Stachys byzantina)
- (Fremontodendron)
- Radishes (Raphanus)
- (Arctotheca)
- Buckeyes And Horse-chestnuts (Aesculus)
- Clovers (Trifolium)
- Narrowleaf Milkweed (Asclepias fascicularis)
- Stonecrops (Crassula)
- Passionflowers (Passiflora)
- Fingerfigs (Malephora)
- Ice Plants (Mesembryanthemum)
- Yellow Star-thistle (Centaurea solstitialis)
- (Mentheae)
- White Horehound (Marrubium vulgare)
- Mints (Mentha)
- Flowering Plants (Angiospermae)
- Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa)
- Turkey Tangle Frogfruit (Phyla nodiflora)
- Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
- Lilac Chaste Tree (Vitex agnus-castus)
- Bluewitch Nightshade (Solanum umbelliferum)
- Milkweeds (Asclepias)
- Ngaios (Myoporum)
- Butterfly Bush (Buddleja davidii)
- Beach Suncup (Camissoniopsis cheiranthifolia)
- (Apioideae)
- (Angelica)
- Canada Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis)
- Yellow Alder (Turnera ulmifolia)
- Pearly Everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea)
- Sunflowers And Allies (Heliantheae)
- Orpine (Hylotelephium telephium)
- Coffeeberry (Frangula californica)
- Armenian Blackberry (Rubus armeniacus)
- Geraniums And Cranesbills (Geranium)
- Matilija Poppies (Romneya)
- Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
- Privets (Ligustrum)
- Spindles (Euonymus)
- California Wild Rose (Rosa californica)
- Tickseed (Coreopsis)
- (Irideae)
- Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
- Sunflowers (Helianthus)
- Touch-me-nots (Impatiens)
- Snowberries (Symphoricarpos)
- Island Bush Snapdragon (Gambelia speciosa)
- Tall Evening Primrose (Oenothera elata)
- Blazing-stars (Liatris)
- Pinkladies (Oenothera speciosa)
- Red Deadnettle (Lamium purpureum)
- Broad-leaved Sweet Pea (Lathyrus latifolius)
- Knotweed Family (Polygonaceae)
- Apples (Malus)
- (Helenieae)
- Valerian (Centranthus)
- Knapweeds (Centaurea)
- Yarrows (Achillea)
- Common Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)
- Skyflower (Duranta erecta)
- Wild Carrot (Daucus carota)
- Heliotropes (Heliotropium)
- Lythrums (Lythrum)
- Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa)
- Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta)
- Crossberry (Grewia occidentalis)
- Beardtongues (Penstemon)
- Catnip (Nepeta cataria)
- Woolly Sunflowers (Eriophyllum)
- False Bindweeds (Calystegia)
- Plums, Cherries, And Allies (Prunus)
- Pears (Pyrus)
- Trailing Blackberry (Rubus ursinus)
- Farewell-to-spring (Clarkia amoena)
- Bird's-foot Trefoils And Deervetches (Lotus)
- Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)
- Showy Milkweed (Asclepias speciosa)
- Alkali Heliotrope (Heliotropium curassavicum)
- Sea-lavenders (Limonium)
- Green Cockscomb (Sedum praealtum)
- St. Catherine's-lace (Eriogonum giganteum)
- Cleveland Sage (Salvia clevelandii)
- Bindweeds (Convolvulus)
- Alkali Heath (Frankenia salina)
- Woodsorrels (Oxalis)
- Coyote Mint (Monardella villosa)
- Larkspurs (Delphinium)
- Black Sage (Salvia mellifera)
- Palo Verde (Parkinsonia)
- California Beeplant (Scrophularia californica)
- Prickly Pears (Opuntia)
- Coulter's Matilija Poppy (Romneya coulteri)
- Pride Of Madeira (Echium candicans)
- Hoary Rock-rose (Cistus creticus)
- Mesquites (Prosopis)
- Silverleaf Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster pannosus)
- Perez's Sea Lavender (Limonium perezii)
- Hawksbeard (Crepis)
- Pacific Poison Oak (Toxicodendron diversilobum)
- Carrot Family (Apiaceae)
- Vervain (Verbena)
- Oleander (Nerium oleander)
- Gourd Family (Cucurbitaceae)
- Common Sow-thistle (Sonchus oleraceus)
- Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
- Hollyleaf Cherry (Prunus ilicifolia)
- California Flannelbush (Fremontodendron californicum)
- Elegant Clarkia (Clarkia unguiculata)
- Chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum)
- Pink Knotweed (Persicaria capitata)
- Golden Yarrow (Eriophyllum confertiflorum)
- Purpletop Vervain (Verbena bonariensis)
- Hummingbird Sage (Salvia spathacea)
- Tufted Poppy (Eschscholzia caespitosa)
- Shrubby Rock-roses (Cistus)
- (Clematis)
- Purple Sage (Salvia leucophylla)
- Willows (Salix)
- Brittlebushes (Encelia)
- Stork's-bills (Erodium)
- Peach (Prunus persica)
- Golden Currant (Ribes aureum)
- Arroyo Willow (Salix lasiolepis)
- Grape Hyacinths (Muscari)
- Sugar Bush (Rhus ovata)
- Common Daisy (Bellis perennis)
- Kapok Tree (Ceiba pentandra)
- Lemonade Berry (Rhus integrifolia)
- Hillside Gooseberry (Ribes californicum)
- (Sempervivoideae)
- Virginia Mountain Mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)
- Longleaf Wattle (Acacia longifolia)
- Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
- Irises (Iris)
- Catmints (Nepeta)
- California Bay (Umbellularia californica)
- Black-eyed Susans And Coneflowers (Rudbeckia)
- Prostrate Capeweed (Arctotheca prostrata)
- Groundsels (Senecio)
- Nightshades, Bindweeds, Gooseweeds, And Allies (Solanales)
- Olive Family (Oleaceae)
- Wax-leaf Ligustrum (Ligustrum japonicum)
- Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica)
- Evening Primrose Family (Onagraceae)
- (Maleae)
- Buckthorn Family (Rhamnaceae)
- Agaves, Orchids, Irises, And Allies (Asparagales)
- Mule Fat (Baccharis salicifolia)
- (Tristaniopsis)
- Redstem Stork's-bill (Erodium cicutarium)
- Mariposa Lilies (Calochortus)
- Shortpod Mustard (Hirschfeldia incana)
- Black Mustard (Brassica nigra)
- Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus)
- Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus)
- Alders (Alnus)
- Cape-ivy (Delairea odorata)
- Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum)
- Scorpionweeds (Phacelia)
- Gilias (Gilia)
- Santa Barbara Daisy (Erigeron karvinskianus)
- Vetches (Vicia)
- Red Valerian (Centranthus ruber)
- Holm Oak (Quercus ilex)
- Christmas Berries (Photinia)
- Northern California Black Walnut (Juglans hindsii)
- Common Selfheal (Prunella vulgaris)
- Bellflowers (Campanula)
- Blue Elder (Sambucus cerulea)
- Devil's Trumpets (Datura)
- Summer Lupine (Lupinus formosus)
- Plantain (Plantago)
- Geranium Family (Geraniaceae)
- White Sage (Salvia apiana)
- Hydrangeas (Hydrangea)
- Velvety Goldenrod (Solidago velutina)
- Toadflax (Linaria)
- Pacific False Bindweed (Calystegia purpurata)
- Bluehead Gilia (Gilia capitata)
- Strawberries (Fragaria)
- Poppy Family (Papaveraceae)
- Cactus Family (Cactaceae)
- Retama (Parkinsonia aculeata)
- Peppertrees (Schinus)
- Flat-topped Goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia)
- California Gilia (Gilia achilleifolia)
- Sea Figs (Carpobrotus)
- Spikeweeds (Centromadia)
- Naked Buckwheat (Eriogonum nudum)
- St. John's Worts (Hypericum)
- Donkeyberries (Grewia)
- (Rosoideae)
- Ribwort Plantain (Plantago lanceolata)
- Bur Clover (Medicago polymorpha)
- Sulphur Cinquefoil (Potentilla recta)
- Asphodels (Asphodelaceae)
- Plumbagos (Plumbago)
- Wattles (Acacia)
- Peruvian Pepper Tree (Schinus molle)
- Trailing Bellflower (Campanula poscharskyana)
- Eastern Rocket (Sisymbrium orientale)
- Butterfly Bushes And Allies (Buddleja)
- Coastal Goldenbush (Isocoma menziesii)
- Hedgenettles (Stachys)
- Pink Honeysuckle (Lonicera hispidula)
- Sneezeweeds (Helenium)
- Wavy-leafed Soap Plant (Chlorogalum pomeridianum)
- Joe-pye Weeds (Eutrochium)
- Sacred Datura (Datura wrightii)
- Buffalo Gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima)
- Honey Bees, Bumble Bees, And Allies (Apidae)
- Bower Plant (Pandorea jasminoides)
- Bladderpod (Peritoma arborea)
- Turkey Mullein (Croton setiger)
- Broadleaved Pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium)
- Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus)
- Chaparral Bush-mallow (Malacothamnus fasciculatus)
- Sea Fig (Carpobrotus edulis)
- Bluejacket (Tradescantia ohiensis)
- Dodders (Cuscuta)
- Bittercresses (Cardamine)
- Lilies, Supplejacks, And Allies (Liliales)
- Silver Lupine (Lupinus albifrons)
- Currants And Gooseberries (Ribes)
- St. John's Wort Family (Hypericaceae)
- Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis)
- Horseweed (Erigeron canadensis)
- American Searocket (Cakile edentula)
- Valley Oak (Quercus lobata)
- American White Waterlily (Nymphaea odorata)
- Western Vervain (Verbena lasiostachys)
- Common Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)
- Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe)
- Myrtle (Myrtus communis)
- Wirelettuce (Stephanomeria)
- Partridge Pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata)
- Western Virgin's Bower (Clematis ligusticifolia)
- Fringed Willowherb (Epilobium ciliatum)
- Strawberry Clover (Trifolium fragiferum)
- (Vitex)
- Meadowsweet (Spiraea)
- Burdocks (Arctium)
- Mock Strawberry (Potentilla indica)
- Spiderworts (Commelinaceae)
- Spiderworts (Tradescantia)
- Caterpillar Scorpionweed (Phacelia cicutaria)
- Ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea)
- Cat's-ears (Hypochaeris)
- Tree-anemone (Carpenteria californica)
- Red Osier Dogwood (Cornus sericea)
- Glory Bushes And Allies (Tibouchina)
- Chilean Sea Fig (Carpobrotus chilensis)
- Spearmint (Mentha spicata)
- Bindweed Family (Convolvulaceae)
- Boxes (Buxus)
- Common Box (Buxus sempervirens)
- Maples (Acer)
- (Hirschfeldia)
- (Hypochaeridinae)
- Anise Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum)
- Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum)
- Deerweed (Acmispon glaber)
- Chaparral Currant (Ribes malvaceum)
- Brooms (Genista)
- Cheeseweed Mallow (Malva parviflora)
- (Eschscholzia)
- Redflower Buckwheat (Eriogonum grande)
- Deervetch (Acmispon)
- Saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima)
- Common Hazel (Corylus avellana)
- White Sapote (Casimiroa edulis)
- Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)
- Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
- Prairie Sunflower (Helianthus petiolaris)
- Small-leaved Lime (Tilia cordata)
- Norway Maple (Acer platanoides)
- Yerba Santa (Eriodictyon)
- Tansies (Tanacetum)
- Maltese Star-thistle (Centaurea melitensis)
- Common Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris)
Preys on
- Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- Wheel Bug (Arilus cristatus)
- (Apiomerus spissipes)
- (Diadasia)
Pollinates
- Blackjack (Bidens pilosa)
- Spurges (Euphorbia)
- Waterberries (Syzygium)
- Crotons (Croton)
- Olives (Olea)
- Everlasting-flowers (Helichrysum)
- Sea Figs (Carpobrotus)
- Slender Sowthistle (Sonchus tenerrimus)
- Wax-leaf Ligustrum (Ligustrum japonicum)
- Yellow Iris (Iris pseudacorus)
- Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii)
- Rhododendrons And Azaleas (Rhododendron)
- (Vitex)
- Lindens, Basswoods, And Lime Trees (Tilia)
- Hydrangeas (Hydrangea)
- Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare)
- Harebell (Campanula rotundifolia)
- Willowherbs (Epilobium)
- Rowans And Mountain Ashes (Sorbus)
- Mouse-eared Hawkweed (Pilosella officinarum)
- Creeping Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
- Rabbitfoot Clover (Trifolium arvense)
- Great Willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum)
- Viper's-buglosses (Echium)
- (Evolvulus)
- Wintergreen (Gaultheria)
- Velvetleaf Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides)
- Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
- Blueberries, Cranberries, And Allies (Vaccinium)
- Shrubby Rock-roses (Cistus)
- Heliotropes (Heliotropium)
- Cat's-ears (Hypochaeris)
- Field Madder (Sherardia arvensis)
- Alkanet (Anchusa)
- Knapweeds (Centaurea)
- Grape Hyacinths (Muscari)
- Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
- St. John's Worts (Hypericum)
- White Clover (Trifolium repens)
- Round-leaved Crane's-bill (Geranium rotundifolium)
- Sages (Salvia)
- Common Mallow (Malva sylvestris)
- Irises (Iris)
- Buttercups (Ranunculus)
- Common Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris)
- Black Medick (Medicago lupulina)
- Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)
- Hedgenettles (Stachys)
- Redstem Stork's-bill (Erodium cicutarium)
- Bird's-eye Speedwell (Veronica persica)
- Mulleins (Verbascum)
- Eastern Rocket (Sisymbrium orientale)
- Shortpod Mustard (Hirschfeldia incana)
- Bermuda Buttercup (Oxalis pes-caprae)
- Catchflies (Silene)
- Willows (Salix)
- Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)
- Geranium Family (Geraniaceae)
- Yellow Alder (Turnera ulmifolia)
- White Leadtree (Leucaena leucocephala)
- White Prairie Clover (Dalea candida)
- Showy Milkweed (Asclepias speciosa)
- Virginia Spiderwort (Tradescantia virginiana)
- Common Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris)
- Purple Prairie Clover (Dalea purpurea)
- Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
- Fleabanes And Horseweeds (Erigeron)
- Radishes (Raphanus)
- Sunflowers (Helianthus)
- Buffalo-bur (Solanum rostratum)
- White Heath Aster (Symphyotrichum ericoides)
- Leadplant (Amorpha canescens)
- Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa)
- Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)
- California Poppy (Eschscholzia californica)
- Sheep's Sorrel (Rumex acetosella)
- Wild Carrot (Daucus carota)
- Dicots (Magnoliopsida)
- (Sisymbrium)
- Small Melilot (Melilotus indicus)
- Eurabbie (Eucalyptus globulus)
- Peruvian Pepper Tree (Schinus molle)
- Maiten Tree (Maytenus boaria)
- Jointed Charlock (Raphanus raphanistrum)
- Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
- Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata)
- Wild Strawberry (Fragaria vesca)
- Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
- Castor Bean (Ricinus communis)
- Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
- Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
- Large White Trillium (Trillium grandiflorum)
- Whorled Milkweed (Asclepias verticillata)
- Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)
- Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
- Tropical Spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis)
- Tropical Horseweed (Erigeron sumatrensis)
- (Cassia)
- Vervain (Verbena)
- (Baccharis)
- Bonesets (Eupatorium)
- Bindweeds (Convolvulus)
- Blue-eyed Grasses (Sisyrinchium)
- Hollies (Ilex)
- Common Eastern Bumble Bee (Bombus impatiens)
- Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- Alkali Heliotrope (Heliotropium curassavicum)
- Virginia Mountain Mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)
- Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa)
- Great Golden Digger Wasp (Sphex ichneumoneus)
- Spotted Cucumber Beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata)
- Margined Calligrapher (Toxomerus marginatus)
- Goldenrod Crab Spider (Misumena vatia)
- Lesser Periwinkle (Vinca minor)
- Monarch (Danaus plexippus)
- Prickly Pears (Opuntia)
- Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Eaten by
- Crab Spiders (Thomisidae)
- Everlasting-flowers (Helichrysum)
- Olives (Olea)
- Crotons (Croton)
- Waterberries (Syzygium)
- (Phidippus)
- Green Lynx Spider (Peucetia viridans)
- Beewolves (Philanthus)
- Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra)
- California Scrub-jay (Aphelocoma californica)
- Arabesque Orbweaver (Neoscona arabesca)
- Spotted Orbweaver (Neoscona crucifera)
- Ground Yellowjackets (Vespula)
- Western Yellowjacket (Vespula pensylvanica)
- Brown Widow (Latrodectus geometricus)
- Ants (Formicidae)
- Goldenrod Crab Spider (Misumena vatia)
- Western Small Milkweed Bug (Lygaeus kalmii kalmii)
- Small Milkweed Bug (Lygaeus kalmii)
- Tropical House Cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus)
- Freeloader Flies (Milichiidae)
- Green Lynx Spiders (Peucetia)
- (Mallophora fautrix)
- Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)
- Spiders (Araneae)
- Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana)
- Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)
- Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)
- Western Kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis)
- Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus)
- Purple Martin (Progne subis)
- Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota)
- American Robin (Turdus migratorius)
- Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis)
- Yellow-legged Hornet (Vespa velutina)
- (Mallophora ruficauda)
- Oriental Honey-buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus)
- European Honey-buzzard (Pernis apivorus)
- (Apes fures)
- (Crabrones)
- (Bufones)
- (Mures)
- (Pavones)
- (Mellonellae)
- (Vespae)
- (Motacillae)
- (Pediculi)
- (Hirundines)
- (Fumus)
- (Psiadia terebinthina)
- (Molinaea)
- (Dracaena reflexa angustifolia)
- (Calophyllum)
- (Ochna)
- (Sideroxylon)
- (Warneckea trinervis)
- (Chassalia)
- (Aphloia theiformis)
- (Bakerella)
- (Erythroxylum)
- (Grangeria borbonica)
- (Bertiera)
- Screwpines (Pandanus)
- (Ixora parviflora ovata)
- (Memecylon ovatifolium)
- (Badula insularis)
- (Stillingia lineata lineata)
- (Pyrostria fasciculata)
- (Synsepalum brevipes)
- (Agarista salicifolia)
- Persimmons (Diospyros)
- (Geniostoma borbonicum)
- (Euodia)
- (Trochetia blackburniana)
- (Labourdonnaisia calophylloides)
- (Gaertnera)
- Coffees (Coffea)
- (Turraea)
- (Antirhea borbonica)
- (Rubus alceifolius)
- (Faujasiopsis flexuosa erecta)
- (Roussea simplex)
- Leg-ripper (Smilax anceps)
- Red Milkwoods (Mimusops)
- (Psidium cattleianum)
- Myrtles (Eugenia)
- (Eugenia kanakana)
- Indian Bushcane (Flagellaria indica)
- Cheesewoods (Pittosporum)
- (Casearia)
- (Cordemoya integrifolia)
- Spectacled Bear (Tremarctos ornatus)
- Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis)
- European Hornet (Vespa crabro)
- European Beewolf (Philanthus triangulum)
- Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)
- Swamp Darner (Austroaeschna parvistigma)
- (Aculepeira ceropegia)
- Southern Meat Ant (Iridomyrmex purpureus)
- Chinese Mantis (Tenodera sinensis)
Preyed upon by
- Meadowhawks (Sympetrum)
- Dragonflies (Anisoptera)
- Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- Green Lynx Spider (Peucetia viridans)
- Western Yellowjacket (Vespula pensylvanica)
- Arizona Mantis (Stagmomantis limbata)
- Ground Crab Spiders (Xysticus)
- Crab Spiders (Thomisidae)
- Goldenrod Crab Spider (Misumena vatia)
- Jagged Ambush Bugs (Phymata)
- Brown Widow (Latrodectus geometricus)
- Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra)
- Spiders (Araneae)
- Robber Flies (Asilidae)
- Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas)
- Bold Jumping Spider (Phidippus audax)
- American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus)
- Noble False Widow (Steatoda nobilis)
- (Efferia)
- Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)
- Western Small Milkweed Bug (Lygaeus kalmii kalmii)
- Grayish Jumping Spider (Phidippus princeps)
- Assassin Bugs (Reduviidae)
- (Mecaphesa)
- Formicine Ants (Formicinae)
- Ants (Formicidae)
- (Dendryphantina)
- Grey House Spider (Badumna longinqua)
- Yellow-legged Hornet (Vespa velutina)
- German Yellowjacket (Vespula germanica)
- Reed Bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus)
- Yellow-spotted Emerald (Somatochlora flavomaculata)
- Furrow Orbweaver (Larinioides cornutus)
- (Somatochlora)
- European Nursery Web Spider (Pisaura mirabilis)
- (Tibellus maritimus)
- European Beewolf (Philanthus triangulum)
- Northern Curly-tailed Lizard (Leiocephalus carinatus)
- (Aculepeira ceropegia)
- (Argiope aurantia)
- Pale Cross Orbweaver (Araneus pallidus)
- European Hornet (Vespa crabro)
- Chinese Mantis (Tenodera sinensis)
- (Trichonephila clavipes)
- (Machimus fattigi)
- (Rhynocoris punctiventris)
- (Stagmomantis carolina)
- (Mecaphesa schlingeri)
- Napoleon Spider (Synema globosum)
- Cross Orbweaver (Araneus diadematus)
- Flower Assassin Bugs (Rhynocoris)
- (Empusa fasciata)
- Rainbow Bee-eater (Merops ornatus)
- (Peucetia flava)
- (Eriophora ravilla)
- (Laphria thoracica)
- Spinybacked Orbweaver (Gasteracantha cancriformis)
- (Apiomerus californicus)
- (Phylloscopus collybita)
- Pink Crab Spider (Thomisus onustus)
- Johnson's Jumping Spider (Phidippus johnsoni)
- Shioya-abu (Promachus yesonicus)
- Redback Spider (Latrodectus hasselti)
- Larger Florida Mantis (Stagmomantis floridensis)
- (Misumenoides formosipes)
- (Sceloporus occidentalis longipes)
- Pennsylvania Ambush Bug (Phymata pennsylvanica)
- Wheel Bug (Arilus cristatus)
- Spectacular Crab Spider (Thomisus spectabilis)
- Florida Bee-killer (Mallophora bomboides)
- (Proctacanthus fulviventris)
- (Stenopogon)
- Common European Yellowjacket (Vespula vulgaris)
- Jagged Ambush Bug (Phymata americana)
- (Podisus)
- Black-headed Jumping Spider (Trite planiceps)
- Bee-mimic Robber Flies (Laphria)
- Unstable Paper Wasp (Polistes instabilis)
- (Miomantis caffra)
- Crested Anole (Anolis cristatellus)
- Red House Spider (Nesticodes rufipes)
- American Carrion Beetle (Necrophila americana)
- (Diogmites basalis)
- (Zelus tetracanthus)
- (Phymata pacifica)
- (Apiomerus spissipes)
- Nurseryweb Spider (Dolomedes minor)
- Swamp Crab Spider (Xysticus ulmi)
- Eastern Pondhawk (Erythemis simplicicollis)
- (Callinicus calcaneus)
- (Laphria macquarti)
- Graphic Spiny Lizard (Sceloporus grammicus)
- (Andrenosomatini)
Pollinated by
- Paper Wasps (Polistinae)
- Common Eastern Bumble Bee (Bombus impatiens)
- Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
- Flesh Flies (Sarcophagidae)
- Margined Calligrapher (Toxomerus marginatus)
- (Agapostemon splendens)
- (Polistes fuscatus)
- Great Green Bush-cricket (Tettigonia viridissima)
- Common Red Soldier Beetle (Rhagonycha fulva)
- (Cephalocereus polylophus)
Species interaction data comes from GloBI.