Eats

• Springtails (Collembola)
• Fungi Including Lichens (Fungi)
• Mites And Ticks (Acari)
• Isopods (Isopoda)
• Flies (Diptera)
• Beetles (Coleoptera)
• Plants (Plantae)
• True Sedges (Carex)
• Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis)
• Rubber Rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa)
• Red Algae (Rhodophyta)
• Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina)
• Cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteria)
• (Melosira)
• Dune Stinkhorn (Phallus hadriani)
• (Plectoptera)
• (Detritus)
• (no name)
• (rotting wood)
• (nectar and floral)
• (Isoptera)
• (leaves)
• (roots)
• Little Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus australis)
• (live leaves)
• (Magnoliophyta)
• (live wood)
• Purple Threeawn (Aristida purpurea)
• Cutleaf Evening Primrose (Oenothera laciniata)
• Hoary False Goldenaster (Heterotheca canescens)
• (Peritoma serrulata)
• (Atriplex canescens)
• Upright Prairie Coneflower (Ratibida columnifera)
• Stiff Greenthread (Thelesperma filifolium)
• Fringed Sagebrush (Artemisia frigida)
• Dotted Gayfeather (Liatris punctata)
• (Psoralidium tenuiflorum)
• Matchweeds And Snakeweeds (Gutierrezia)
• (Hesperostipa comata)
• Red Milkwoods (Mimusops)
• (Erythroxlum sechellarum)
• (Chondrosum gracile)
• (broom snakeweed (forb/shrub))
• (slimflower scurf pea (forb/shrub))
• (red three-awn (grass))
• (hairy golden aster (forb/shrub))
• (fourwing saltbrush (forb/shrub))
• (cutleaf evening primrose (forb/shrub))
• Wavy-leaf Thistle (Cirsium undulatum undulatum)
• (rubber rabbit brush (forb/shrub))
• (greenthread (forb/shrub))
• (carex (grass))
• (needle and thread (grass))
• (dotted gayfeather (forb/shrub))
• (Cocconeis)
• (Gomphonema subclavatum)
• (Khakista)
• (Rossithidium linearis)
• (Gomphonema parvulum)
• (Tabellaria flocculosa)
• (Synedra ulna)
• (Fragilaria vaucheriae)
• (Cymbella minuta)
• (Anguis fragilis)
• Mesostigs (Mesostigmata)
• (Roots)
• (Leaves)
• (Nectar and floral)
• (Arcytophyllum nitidum)
• (Rhopalodia)
• (Surirella)
• (Gomphonema)
• (Fragilaria)
• (Frustulia rhomboides)
• (Nitzschia)
• (Epithemia sorex)
• (Navicula rhynchocephala)
• (Cyclotella)
• (Navicula)
• (Rhoicosphenia curvata)
• (Radicites)
• (Melosira italica)
• (Plant cells)
• (Gomphonema angustatum)
• (Navicula avenacea)
• (Eunotia)
• (Aulacoseira)
• (Surirella tenera)
• (Pinnularia)
• (Gomphonema truncatum)
• (Meridion circulare)
• (Synedra rumpens)
• (Moss cells)
• (Surirella elegans)
• (Echinella)
• (Gomphoneis herculeana)
• (Unidentified sp1 FW_013_03)
• (Ulothrix)
• Frog-spawn Algae (Batrachospermum)
• (Asterionella)

Preys on

• Beetles (Coleoptera)
• Butterflies And Moths (Lepidoptera)
• Arachnids (Arachnida)
• Flies (Diptera)
• Springtails (Collembola)
• (Paraneoptera)
• (Family Aphididae)

Pollinates

• Woodsorrels (Oxalis)
• Brown-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia triloba)
• Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
• Common Blue Wood Aster (Symphyotrichum cordifolium)
• Eastern Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)
• White Meadowsweet (Spiraea alba)
• Large-leaved Aster (Eurybia macrophylla)
• Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)
• Large White Trillium (Trillium grandiflorum)
• Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa)
• Showy Milkweed (Asclepias speciosa)
• Blazingstars (Mentzelia)
• Showy Goldenrod (Solidago speciosa)
• White Heath Aster (Symphyotrichum ericoides)
• Lythrums (Lythrum)
• New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
• Solomon's Plume (Maianthemum racemosum)
• California Buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum)
• Sweet Alyssum (Lobularia maritima)
• Bedstraws (Galium)
• Bluehead Gilia (Gilia capitata)
• Plums, Cherries, And Allies (Prunus)
• Canadian Bunchberry (Cornus canadensis)
• Flat-top White Aster (Doellingeria umbellata)
• American Black Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis)
• Star-flowered Lily-of-the-valley (Maianthemum stellatum)
• Milkweeds (Asclepias)
• Slender Sunflower (Helianthus gracilentus)
• Telegraphweed (Heterotheca grandiflora)
• California Poppy (Eschscholzia californica)
• Woollypod Milkweed (Asclepias eriocarpa)
• Dogwoods (Cornus)
• Lemonade Berry (Rhus integrifolia)
• Hairy Ceanothus (Ceanothus oliganthus)
• Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
• Rosilla (Helenium puberulum)
• Hoaryleaf Ceanothus (Ceanothus crassifolius)
• Trilliums (Trillium)
• Goldenrods (Solidago)
• Cutleaf Coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata)
• Black-eyed Susans And Coneflowers (Rudbeckia)
• Geraniums And Cranesbills (Geranium)
• American Asters (Symphyotrichum)
• Sundial Lupine (Lupinus perennis)
• Sunflowers (Helianthus)
• Elders (Sambucus)
• Chaparral Bush-mallow (Malacothamnus fasciculatus)
• Chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum)
• Tickseed (Coreopsis)
• Wattles (Acacia)
• Milkweeds (Asclepiadoideae)
• Prostrate Hutchinsia (Hornungia procumbens)
• (Oxalis squamata)
• (Solenomelus segethi)
• Field Chickweed (Cerastium arvense)
• (Cordia)
• Cockspur Hawthorn (Crataegus crus-galli)
• Hairy Cockspurthorn (Crataegus submollis)
• Schweinitz's Sunflower (Helianthus schweinitzii)
• Star Tickseed (Coreopsis pubescens)
• Mountain Camellia (Stewartia ovata)
• Yellow Wakerobin (Trillium luteum)
• (Diphylleia cymosa)
• Goatsbeard (Aruncus dioicus)
• Roan Mountain Goldenrod (Solidago roanensis)
• (http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE27700BA321F3CCD69FED002CF6B252)
• Carolina Sweetshrub (Calycanthus floridus)
• Cucumber-tree (Magnolia acuminata)
• Mountain Decumbent Goldenrod (Solidago curtisii)
• Largeflower Heartleaf (Hexastylis shuttleworthii)
• Strawberry Bush (Euonymus americanus)
• Prickly Poppies (Argemone)
• Pacific Trillium (Trillium ovatum)
• Water Avens (Geum rivale)
• (http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9966E2297D64C1029E81555AD33F02CD)
• Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)
• (http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FAFE3A862699660D2A3D0E4616DC7097)
• Round-leaved Dogwood (Cornus rugosa)
• (http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A234F68D71F0BCCE8DF50B540409DC19)
• (Trientalis borealis)
• (Actaea pachypoda)
• Bluestem Goldenrod (Solidago caesia)
• Canadian Wild Ginger (Asarum canadense)
• Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)
• Common Pawpaw (Asimina triloba)
• Bird's Foot Violet (Viola pedata)
• (Arisaema yunnanense)
• (Magnolia)
• (Pelargonium maculatum)
• (Ruellia humilis)
• Rusty Blackhaw (Viburnum rufidulum)
• Hemp Dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum)
• Large-flowered Tickseed (Coreopsis grandiflora)
• Prairie Rosinweed (Silphium integrifolium)
• (Echinacea angustifolia)
• Aromatic Aster (Symphyotrichum oblongifolium)
• Ashy Sunflower (Helianthus mollis)
• Winecup Mallow (Callirhoe involucrata)
• Plains Coreopsis (Coreopsis tinctoria)
• (Linum berlandieri)

Eaten by

• Brown Thrushes And Nightingale-thrushes (Catharus)
• Veery (Catharus fuscescens)
• Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus)
• Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina)
• American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla)
• Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla)
• Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas)
• Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia)
• Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis)
• Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)
• Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
• Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis)
• Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum)
• Blue-winged Teal (Spatula discors)
• Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
• Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis)
• Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes bewickii)
• Purple Martin (Progne subis)
• Northern Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis)
• Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica)
• Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum)
• Sandhill Crane (Antigone canadensis)
• Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia)
• Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos)
• Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata)
• Coccyzus Cuckoos (Coccyzus)
• Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)
• Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularius)
• Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
• Cinnamon Teal (Spatula cyanoptera)
• Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea)
• Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
• American Coot (Fulica americana)
• Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
• Nashville Warbler (Leiothlypis ruficapilla)
• Chestnut-sided Warbler (Setophaga pensylvanica)
• Orange-crowned Warbler (Leiothlypis celata)
• Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
• Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus)
• Black-crowned Night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax)
• Common Raven (Corvus corax)
• American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
• Western Screech-owl (Megascops kennicottii)
• Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
• Northern Harrier (Circus hudsonius)
• Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)
• Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus)
• Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea)
• Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea)
• Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)
• California Quail (Callipepla californica)
• House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)
• Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
• Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra)
• Ash-throated Flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens)
• Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus)
• Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis)
• Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris)
• Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola)
• Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris)
• Gadwall (Mareca strepera)
• Scaups, Pochards, And Allies (Aythya)
• Mallards, Pintails, And Allies (Anas)
• Neotropic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus)
• Wood Duck (Aix sponsa)
• Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)
• Vireos (Vireo)
• Hutton's Vireo (Vireo huttoni)
• Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula)
• Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)
• Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)
• Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater)
• American Woodcock (Scolopax minor)
• European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
• (Xanthocephalus)
• Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula)
• Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna)
• Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis)
• Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata)
• House Wren (Troglodytes aedon)
• Kingbirds (Tyrannus)
• Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus)
• Western Kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis)
• Western Wood-pewee (Contopus sordidulus)
• Cassin's Kingbird (Tyrannus vociferans)
• Say's Phoebe (Sayornis saya)
• Black Phoebe (Sayornis nigricans)
• Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe)
• Myiarchus Flycatchers (Myiarchus)
• Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana)
• Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides)
• American Robin (Turdus migratorius)
• Canyon Wren (Catherpes mexicanus)
• Winter Wren (Troglodytes hiemalis)
• Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa)
• California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica)
• Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius)
• Dryobates Woodpeckers (Dryobates)
• Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus)
• Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus)
• Acorn Woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus)
• Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)
• Palm Warbler (Setophaga palmarum)
• Oak Titmouse (Baeolophus inornatus)
• Great Egret (Ardea alba)
• Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus)
• Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus)
• Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota)
• Violet-green Swallow (Tachycineta thalassina)
• Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor)
• Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla)
• White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)
• Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina)
• American Tree Sparrow (Spizelloides arborea)
• California Scrub-jay (Aphelocoma californica)
• Crows And Ravens (Corvus)
• Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata)
• American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
• Brown Creeper (Certhia americana)
• White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis)
• Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis)
• Black-headed Grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus)
• Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura)
• Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus)
• Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis)
• Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana)
• Kinglets (Regulus)
• Common Poorwill (Phalaenoptilus nuttallii)
• Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum)
• California Towhee (Melozone crissalis)
• Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus)
• Pacific-slope Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis)
• Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus psaltria)
• Bullock's Oriole (Icterus bullockii)
• Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris)
• Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus)
• Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata)
• California Thrasher (Toxostoma redivivum)
• Barn Owl (Tyto alba)
• Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus)
• Curlews (Numenius)
• Meadow Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus)
• Bluebirds (Sialia)
• Horned Lizards (Phrynosoma)
• Ants, Bees, Wasps, And Sawflies (Hymenoptera)
• Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
• Centipedes (Chilopoda)
• Grasshoppers, Crickets, And Katydids (Orthoptera)
• Beetles (Coleoptera)
• Ground Beetles (Carabidae)
• Dragonflies And Damselflies (Odonata)
• True Bugs, Hoppers, Aphids, And Allies (Hemiptera)
• Flies (Diptera)
• Robber Flies (Asilidae)
• Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)
• Horned Larks (Eremophila)
• North American Deer Mice (Peromyscus)
• Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)
• Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)
• Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides)
• Northern Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina brevicauda)
• (Tapinoma)
• Banded Garden Spider (Argiope trifasciata)
• Tropical House Cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus)
• Western Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis)
• Common Side-blotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana)
• Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
• Coyote (Canis latrans)
• Garfish (Belone belone)
• Ants (Formicidae)
• Mosquitofishes (Gambusia)
• Banded Killifish (Fundulus diaphanus)

Preyed upon by

• Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea)
• Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina)
• Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus)
• Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)
• Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas)
• Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla)
• Marbled Godwit (Limosa fedoa)
• Katydids (Tettigoniidae)
• Grasshoppers, Crickets, And Katydids (Orthoptera)
• Rove Beetles (Staphylinidae)
• Barred Owl (Strix varia)
• Northern Short-tailed Shrew (Blarina brevicauda)
• Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos)
• Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana)
• Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
• (Efferia)
• Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis)
• (Machimus)
• Spotted Orbweavers (Neoscona)
• Tan Jumping Spider (Platycryptus undatus)
• Bold Jumping Spider (Phidippus audax)
• Gray Wall Jumping Spider (Menemerus bivittatus)
• Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata)
• Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum)
• False Black Widow (Steatoda grossa)
• Black Phoebe (Sayornis nigricans)
• Widow Spiders (Latrodectus)
• Ground Beetles (Carabidae)
• Soldier Beetles (Cantharidae)
• Soil Centipedes (Geophilomorpha)
• Cobweb Spiders (Theridiidae)
• Phalangiid Harvestmen (Phalangiidae)
• Funnel Weavers (Agelenidae)
• Jumping Spiders (Salticidae)
• Thin-legged Wolf Spiders (Pardosa)
• Crab Spiders (Thomisidae)
• (Philonthus)
• Ground Spiders (Gnaphosidae)
• Wolf Spiders (Lycosidae)
• (Trochosa)
• Beetles (Coleoptera)
• Pallas's Long-tongued Bat (Glossophaga soricina)
• Mouse-eared Bats (Myotis)
• Fraternal Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus fraterculus)
• House Bats (Eptesicus)
• Mexican Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida brasiliensis)
• Patagonian Racer (Philodryas patagoniensis)
• Southeastern Crowned Snake (Tantilla coronata)
• Western Yellow-bellied Racer (Coluber constrictor mormon)
• Yucatecan Dwarf Short-tail Snake (Tantillita canula)
• Sonoran Shovel-nosed Snake (Chionactis palarostris)
• Hallowell's Centipede Snake (Tantilla vermiformis)
• Largenose Earth Snake (Conopsis nasus)
• Southwestern Blackhead Snake (Tantilla hobartsmithi)
• Texas Blind Snake (Rena dulcis)
• Southwestern Blind Snake (Rena humilis humilis)
• (Geagras redimitus)
• Lined Tolucan Ground Snake (Conopsis lineata)
• Bibron's Blind Snake (Afrotyphlops bibronii)
• False Ficimia (Pseudoficimia frontalis)
• Thornscrub Hook-nosed Snake (Gyalopion quadrangulare)
• Savage's Sand Snake (Chilomeniscus savagei)
• Chihuahuan Black-headed Snake (Tantilla wilcoxi)
• Ground Snake (Sonora semiannulata)
• Filetail Ground Snake (Sonora aemula)
• Flat-headed Snake (Tantilla gracilis)
• Sand Snake (Chilomeniscus stramineus)
• Ornamental Snake (Denisonia maculata)
• (Echis ocellatus)
• Blood Snake (Stenorrhina freminvillei)
• Yaqui Black-headed Snake (Tantilla yaquia)
• Red Earth Centipede Snake (Tantilla schistosa)
• Blotched Hooknose Snake (Ficimia publia)
• Plains Black-headed Snake (Tantilla nigriceps)
• (Tantilla calamarina)
• Meadow Viper (Vipera ursinii)
• Bocourt's Black-headed Snake (Tantilla bocourti)
• Black Cross-barred Kukri Snake (Oligodon cinereus)
• Mexican Short-tail Snake (Sympholis lippiens)
• Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor)
• (Picoides pubescens)
• Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola)
• Longjaw Mudsucker (Gillichthys mirabilis)
• Diamond Turbot (Hypsopsetta guttulata)
• Dunlin (Calidris alpina)
• Red Knot (Calidris canutus)
• (Rallus longirostrus)
• Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis)
• (Calidris melanotos)
• (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus)
• (Hyla arborea)
• Short-winged Conehead (Conocephalus dorsalis)
• European Common Frog (Rana temporaria)
• (Pirata piscatorius)
• (Tetartopeus terminatum)
• (Lithobius)
• Reed Bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus)
• Sand Lizard (Lacerta agilis)
• (Robertus)
• (Trochosa spinipalpis)