Eats

• Flies (Diptera)
• Thrips (Thysanoptera)
• Butterflies And Moths (Lepidoptera)
• True Hoppers (Auchenorrhyncha)
• Ants, Bees, Wasps, And Sawflies (Hymenoptera)
• Plants (Plantae)
• Beetles (Coleoptera)
• Fungi Including Lichens (Fungi)
• Springtails (Collembola)
• True Sedges (Carex)
• Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis)
• Needle Grasses (Stipa)
• Sunflowers (Helianthus)
• True Bugs, Hoppers, Aphids, And Allies (Hemiptera)
• (alpine vegetation)
• (Cladocera)
• (Plectoptera)
• (leaves)
• (roots)
• (live wood)
• (live leaves)
• Hoary False Goldenaster (Heterotheca canescens)
• (Pascopyrum smithii)
• Matchweeds And Snakeweeds (Gutierrezia)
• Purple Threeawn (Aristida purpurea)
• (Psoralidium tenuiflorum)
• Fringed Sagebrush (Artemisia frigida)
• Upright Prairie Coneflower (Ratibida columnifera)
• (Plant juices)
• (Leaves)
• (Sap)
• (Agropyron)
• (sap and plant juices)
• (fourwing saltbrush (forb/shrub))
• (groundsel (forb/shrub))
• (carex (grass))
• (slimflower scurf pea (forb/shrub))
• Wavy-leaf Thistle (Cirsium undulatum undulatum)
• (broom snakeweed (forb/shrub))
• (western wheatgrass (grass))
• (hairy golden aster (forb/shrub))
• (Chondrosum gracile)
• (four-o-clock (forb/shrub))
• (commonsunflower (forb/shrub))
• (red three-awn (grass))
• (cutleaf evening primrose (forb/shrub))
• Oppositeleaf False Bahia (Picradeniopsis oppositifolia)
• (rubber rabbit brush (forb/shrub))
• (greenthread (forb/shrub))
• (bottlebrush squirreltail (grass))
• (Croton bogotanus)
• (plecopterans - odonates - hemipterans)

Preys on

• (Agromyza vockerothi)

Pollinates

• Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
• Spotted Joe-pye Weed (Eutrochium maculatum)
• Milkweeds (Asclepiadoideae)

Eaten by

• Myiarchus Flycatchers (Myiarchus)
• Spiders (Araneae)
• Ants, Bees, Wasps, And Sawflies (Hymenoptera)
• Dragonflies And Damselflies (Odonata)
• Flies (Diptera)
• Robber Flies (Asilidae)
• Green Lynx Spider (Peucetia viridans)
• Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina)
• Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas)
• White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis)
• Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)
• Great Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus)
• Grasshoppers, Crickets, And Katydids (Orthoptera)
• Arachnids (Arachnida)
• True Bugs, Hoppers, Aphids, And Allies (Hemiptera)
• Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)
• Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)
• Ash-throated Flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens)
• Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes bewickii)
• Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)
• Veery (Catharus fuscescens)
• Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus)
• Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis)
• Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla)
• American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla)
• Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia)
• Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
• Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis)
• Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis)
• Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum)
• Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)
• Blue-winged Teal (Spatula discors)
• Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis)
• (Xanthocephalus)
• Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica)
• Purple Martin (Progne subis)
• Coccyzus Cuckoos (Coccyzus)
• Cinnamon Teal (Spatula cyanoptera)
• Nashville Warbler (Leiothlypis ruficapilla)
• Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata)
• Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra)
• Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
• Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula)
• Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea)
• Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus)
• Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea)
• Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris)
• Scaups, Pochards, And Allies (Aythya)
• Mallards, Pintails, And Allies (Anas)
• Wood Duck (Aix sponsa)
• Vireos (Vireo)
• Hutton's Vireo (Vireo huttoni)
• House Wren (Troglodytes aedon)
• Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna)
• Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata)
• Western Kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis)
• Kingbirds (Tyrannus)
• Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus)
• Western Wood-pewee (Contopus sordidulus)
• Say's Phoebe (Sayornis saya)
• Black Phoebe (Sayornis nigricans)
• Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe)
• Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides)
• Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana)
• Canyon Wren (Catherpes mexicanus)
• Winter Wren (Troglodytes hiemalis)
• Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa)
• California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica)
• Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius)
• Orange-crowned Warbler (Leiothlypis celata)
• Oak Titmouse (Baeolophus inornatus)
• Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)
• Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater)
• European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
• Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus)
• Northern Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis)
• Violet-green Swallow (Tachycineta thalassina)
• Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota)
• House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)
• Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina)
• Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla)
• American Tree Sparrow (Spizelloides arborea)
• Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)
• California Scrub-jay (Aphelocoma californica)
• American Robin (Turdus migratorius)
• Dryobates Woodpeckers (Dryobates)
• Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)
• Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus)
• Brown Creeper (Certhia americana)
• Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis)
• Acorn Woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus)
• Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis)
• Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus)
• Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis)
• Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana)
• Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia)
• Kinglets (Regulus)
• Black-headed Grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus)
• California Quail (Callipepla californica)
• Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus)
• California Towhee (Melozone crissalis)
• Bullock's Oriole (Icterus bullockii)
• Pacific-slope Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis)
• Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus)
• Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata)
• Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris)
• Clark's Grebe (Aechmophorus clarkii)

Preyed upon by

• Great Crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus crinitus)
• Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)
• White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis)
• Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas)
• Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina)
• Spiders (Araneae)
• Horned Larks (Eremophila)
• Garter Snakes (Thamnophis)
• Silver Garden Orbweaver (Argiope argentata)
• Zebra Jumping Spider (Salticus scenicus)
• Bold Jumping Spider (Phidippus audax)
• Brilliant Jumping Spider (Phidippus clarus)
• Green Lynx Spider (Peucetia viridans)
• Bear Spiders (Arctosa)
• Rove Beetles (Staphylinidae)
• Crab Spiders (Thomisidae)
• Cobweb Spiders (Theridiidae)
• Tangleweb Spiders (Theridion)
• Jumping Spiders (Salticidae)
• Wolf Spiders (Lycosidae)
• Pallas's Long-tongued Bat (Glossophaga soricina)
• Mexican Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida brasiliensis)
• House Bats (Eptesicus)
• (Tadarida)
• Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor)
• Agassiz's Glassfish (Ambassis agassizii)
• (meadow lark)
• (13-striped spermophile (ground squirrel))
• (clay-colored sparrow)
• (vesper sparrow)
• (chipping sparrow)
• (upland plover)
• Red-bellied Jumping Spider (Philaeus chrysops)
• (Cerotainia albipilosa)
• Oblong Running Spider (Tibellus oblongus)
• Bronze Jumping Spider (Eris militaris)
• Peppered Jumping Spider (Pelegrina galathea)
• Pantropical Jumping Spider (Plexippus paykulli)
• Slender Crab Spiders (Tibellus)
• European Nursery Web Spider (Pisaura mirabilis)
• (Thanatus)
• (Paederus riparius)
• (Rugilus rufipes)
• (Hypostenus latifrons)
• Pirate Otter Spider (Pirata piraticus)
• Reed Bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus)
• (Clubiona juvenis)
• (Glossogobius)
• Snakehead Gudgeon (Giuris margaritacea)
• Roman-nose Goby (Awaous acritosus)
• Eastern Rainbowfish (Melanotaenia splendida)
• (Stenus latifrons)
• Pearson's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus pearsonii)
• Intermediate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus affinis)
• Gould's Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus gouldii)
• Little Forest Bat (Vespadelus vulturnus)
• Eastern False Pipistrelle (Falsistrellus tasmaniensis)
• (Nyctophilus geoffroyi)
• Large Forest Bat (Vespadelus darlingtoni)
• Southern Forest Bat (Vespadelus regulus)
• Chocolate Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus morio)
• Northern Cave Bat (Vespadelus caurinus)
• Little Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens greyii)
• Hoary Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus nigrogriseus)
• Pygmy Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus walkeri)
• (Nyctophilus daedalus)
• Northern Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus arnhemensis)
• Schreibers' Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus schreibersii)
• Northern Coastal Free-tailed Bat (Mormopterus cobourgianus)
• Northern Free-tailed Bat (Mormopterus lumsdenae)
• (Chaerephon jobensis)
• (Taphozous georgianus)
• Yellow-bellied Pouched Bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris)
• Orange Leaf-nosed Bat (Rhinonicteris aurantia)
• Northern Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus westralis)
• Forest Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus adamsi)
• Large-footed Myotis (Myotis macropus)
• Long-tailed Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus)
• Madagascar Free-tailed Bat (Otomops madagascariensis)
• Little Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris megalotis)
• Black Myotis (Myotis nigricans)
• Argentine Brown Bat (Eptesicus furinalis)
• Long-fingered Bat (Myotis capaccinii)
• Western Barbastelle (Barbastella barbastellus)
• (Plecotus auritus)
• Bechstein's Bat (Myotis bechsteinii)
• Natterer's Bat (Myotis nattereri)
• Manavi Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus manavi)
• Major's Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus majori)
• (Myotis goudoti)
• (Mormopterus)
• Greater Tube-nosed Bat (Murina leucogaster)
• Madagascar Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon atsinanana)
• Stoliczka's Trident Bat (Aselliscus stoliczkanus)
• Yellow-bellied House Bat (Scotophilus dinganii)
• Little Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon pumilus)
• Egyptian Slit-faced Bat (Nycteris thebaica)
• Dusky Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus hesperidus)
• Greater Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris robustula)
• Lesser Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris pachypus)