Eats

• Fungi Including Lichens (Fungi)
• Plants (Plantae)
• Scale Insects (Coccoidea)
• Butterflies And Moths (Lepidoptera)
• Amphipods (Amphipoda)
• Mites And Ticks (Acari)
• Typical Leafhoppers (Cicadellidae)
• Beetles (Coleoptera)
• Aphids (Aphididae)
• True Hoppers (Auchenorrhyncha)
• Thistles (Cirsium)
• Goldenrod Crab Spider (Misumena vatia)
• Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui)
• True Bugs, Hoppers, Aphids, And Allies (Hemiptera)
• Ants, Bees, Wasps, And Sawflies (Hymenoptera)
• Flies (Diptera)
• Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis)
• Common Groundsel (Senecio vulgaris)
• Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
• Mosquitoes (Culicidae)
• Vinegar And Fruit Flies (Drosophilidae)
• Dune Stinkhorn (Phallus hadriani)
• (Hexatoma)
• (leaves)
• (Detritus)
• (nectar and floral)
• (Eleucine)
• (Acrosternum hilare)
• (Platypena scabra)
• (nectar)
• (sap)
• (Isoptera)
• (Magnoliophyta)
• (Phasmatidae)
• Oppositeleaf False Bahia (Picradeniopsis oppositifolia)
• Scarlet Globemallow (Sphaeralcea coccinea)
• (Opuntia macrorhiza)
• Matchweeds And Snakeweeds (Gutierrezia)
• (Yucca glauca)
• Upright Prairie Coneflower (Ratibida columnifera)
• Hoary False Goldenaster (Heterotheca canescens)
• Fringed Sagebrush (Artemisia frigida)
• (Atriplex canescens)
• (Psoralidium tenuiflorum)
• (Peritoma serrulata)
• (Leaves)
• (Erythroxlum sechellarum)
• Ceylon Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)
• (Deckenia nobilis)
• (plants - dead plants)
• (commonsunflower (forb/shrub))
• (plains prickly pear (forb/shrub))
• (hairy golden aster (forb/shrub))
• (broom snakeweed (forb/shrub))
• (small soapweed (forb/shrub))
• (scarlet globe mallow (forb/shrub))
• (slimflower scurf pea (forb/shrub))
• Wavy-leaf Thistle (Cirsium undulatum undulatum)
• (fourwing saltbrush (forb/shrub))
• (groundsel (forb/shrub))
• (Chondrosum gracile)
• (Excoecaria)
• (Roscheria melanochaetes)
• (Premna serratifolia)
• (Coriandrum sativum)
• (Quercus acutissima)
• (Nectar and floral)
• (Recently drowned insects)
• Mesostigs (Mesostigmata)

Preys on

• Pacific Forktail (Ischnura cervula)
• Flies (Diptera)
• Butterflies And Moths (Lepidoptera)
• Springtails (Collembola)
• (Eriophora)
• Dusky Dancer (Argia translata)
• (Family Aphididae)
• (Cerceris rybyensis)

Pollinates

• Barberries (Berberis)
• (Baccharis)
• Brambles (Rubus)
• White Clover (Trifolium repens)
• Solomon's Plume (Maianthemum racemosum)
• Wattles (Acacia)
• Horseweed (Erigeron canadensis)
• Sweet Alyssum (Lobularia maritima)
• Western Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron rydbergii)
• Jointed Charlock (Raphanus raphanistrum)
• Blue Vervain (Verbena hastata)
• Fleabanes And Horseweeds (Erigeron)
• Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare)
• Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca serriola)
• Black-eyed Susans And Coneflowers (Rudbeckia)
• Arrowheads (Sagittaria)
• Cutleaf Coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata)
• Tickseed (Coreopsis)
• Liveforever (Dudleya)
• Yarrows (Achillea)
• Evening Primroses, Sundrops, And Beeblossoms (Oenothera)
• White-veined Monardella (Monardella hypoleuca hypoleuca)
• Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
• Bonesets (Eupatorium)
• Greenbottle Flies (Lucilia)
• Common Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris)
• Milkweeds (Asclepiadoideae)
• (Astragalus curvicaulis)
• (Perezia carthamoides)
• (Haplopappus chrysanthemifolius)
• (Warea amplexifolia)
• (Penstemon debilis)
• (Lupinus oreganus)
• (Lindera melissifolia)
• Schweinitz's Sunflower (Helianthus schweinitzii)
• Strawberry Bush (Euonymus americanus)
• (Argemone pleiacantha)
• Pringle's Manzanita (Arctostaphylos pringlei)
• Transverse Range Manzanita (Arctostaphylos glandulosa mollis)
• (Allium gooddingii)
• (Linum lewisii)
• (Allium)
• Bastard Toadflax (Comandra umbellata)
• (Phoradendron serotinum)
• (Symphyotrichum laeve concinnum)
• (Ephedra campylopoda)
• Hawthorns (Crataegus)
• (Ephedra aphylla)
• (http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D54D997630234E3DF3652C209670113A)
• (Gayophytum)
• (Polygonum cascadense)
• Nuttall's Larkspur (Delphinium nuttallianum)
• Large-flowered Tickseed (Coreopsis grandiflora)
• Marsh Grass-of-parnassus (Parnassia palustris)
• (Lithophragma parviflorum)
• (Psoralea esculenta)
• (Ranunculus aestivalis)
• Snowberrytree (Flueggea virosa)
• Wallflowers (Erysimum)
• (Anacardium occidentale)
• (Wilkesia)
• (Lavandula latifolia)
• (Lonicera heterophylla)
• Mealy Blue Sage (Salvia farinacea)
• (Cuscuta epithymum)
• (Triphysaria pusilla)
• Carpet Bugle (Ajuga reptans)
• (Salvia splendens)
• (Capsicum frutescens)
• (Townsendia aprica)
• (Stachys tenuifolia)
• (Symphoricarpos albus)
• (Carduus nutans)
• American Dogwood (Cornus sericea sericea)
• (Gelsemium rankinii)
• (Monarda punctata)
• Brown's Peony (Paeonia brownii)
• Riverhemps (Sesbania)
• Glade Mallow (Napaea dioica)
• (Pyxidanthera barbulata)
• (Eriogonum ovalifolium vineum)
• (Amoreuxia)
• (Dudleya greenei)
• Persimmon Orchid (Epipactis thunbergii)
• (Ludwigia elegans)
• Beach Jacquemontia (Jacquemontia reclinata)
• (Conyza subscaposa)
• (Oldenlandia)
• Florida Pusley (Richardia scabra)
• (Euphorbia heterophylla)
• (Clinopodium abyssinicum)
• (Aspilia pluriseta)
• (Musa spp.*)
• (Myrica)
• (Emilia)
• (Wahlenbergia abyssinica)
• (Vernonia lasiopus)
• (http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3C170C73D2FA02BDC18E1991B9797F39)
• Tridax Daisy (Tridax procumbens)
• Coffee (Coffea arabica)

Eaten by

• Brown Thrushes And Nightingale-thrushes (Catharus)
• Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus)
• Veery (Catharus fuscescens)
• Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina)
• Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis)
• Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla)
• American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla)
• Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia)
• Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
• Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus)
• Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis)
• (Xanthocephalus)
• Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica)
• Purple Martin (Progne subis)
• Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes bewickii)
• Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia)
• Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum)
• Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos)
• Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea)
• Chestnut-sided Warbler (Setophaga pensylvanica)
• Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata)
• Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
• Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea)
• Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea)
• Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)
• Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)
• Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus)
• California Quail (Callipepla californica)
• House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)
• Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas)
• Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra)
• Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus)
• Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris)
• Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis)
• Vireos (Vireo)
• Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)
• Hutton's Vireo (Vireo huttoni)
• Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis)
• Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte anna)
• Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula)
• Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna)
• Western Kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis)
• Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus)
• Kingbirds (Tyrannus)
• Western Wood-pewee (Contopus sordidulus)
• Cassin's Kingbird (Tyrannus vociferans)
• Black Phoebe (Sayornis nigricans)
• Say's Phoebe (Sayornis saya)
• Myiarchus Flycatchers (Myiarchus)
• Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe)
• Ash-throated Flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens)
• Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides)
• Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana)
• American Robin (Turdus migratorius)
• Winter Wren (Troglodytes hiemalis)
• Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa)
• California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica)
• Acorn Woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus)
• Orange-crowned Warbler (Leiothlypis celata)
• Palm Warbler (Setophaga palmarum)
• Oak Titmouse (Baeolophus inornatus)
• Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum)
• Great Egret (Ardea alba)
• Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus)
• European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
• Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)
• Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater)
• Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus)
• Northern Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis)
• Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor)
• Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota)
• Violet-green Swallow (Tachycineta thalassina)
• White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)
• Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
• Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina)
• Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla)
• American Tree Sparrow (Spizelloides arborea)
• California Scrub-jay (Aphelocoma californica)
• Common Raven (Corvus corax)
• Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus)
• Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus)
• Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius)
• White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis)
• Brown Creeper (Certhia americana)
• Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis)
• Turkey And Yellow-headed Vultures (Cathartes)
• Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus)
• Black-headed Grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus)
• Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis)
• Kinglets (Regulus)
• Nashville Warbler (Leiothlypis ruficapilla)
• Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana)
• House Wren (Troglodytes aedon)
• Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum)
• Pacific-slope Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis)
• Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus psaltria)
• California Towhee (Melozone crissalis)
• Bullock's Oriole (Icterus bullockii)
• Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus)
• Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus)
• Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata)
• California Thrasher (Toxostoma redivivum)
• Marsh Wren (Cistothorus palustris)
• Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
• Coccyzus Cuckoos (Coccyzus)
• Spiders (Araneae)
• Horned Lizards (Phrynosoma)
• True Bugs, Hoppers, Aphids, And Allies (Hemiptera)
• Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
• Snakes (Serpentes)
• Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)
• Ants, Bees, Wasps, And Sawflies (Hymenoptera)
• Flies (Diptera)
• Grasshoppers, Crickets, And Katydids (Orthoptera)
• Robber Flies (Asilidae)
• Horned Larks (Eremophila)
• Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)
• Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)
• Green Lynx Spider (Peucetia viridans)
• American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
• Garfish (Belone belone)
• Arachnids (Arachnida)
• Keeljaw Longtom (Tylosurus acus)

Preyed upon by

• Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina)
• Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus)
• Gray Wall Jumping Spider (Menemerus bivittatus)
• Goldenrod Crab Spider (Misumena vatia)
• Green Lynx Spider (Peucetia viridans)
• Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos)
• (Machimus)
• Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres)
• Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea)
• Shamrock Orbweaver (Araneus trifolium)
• California Scrub-jay (Aphelocoma californica)
• Pallas's Long-tongued Bat (Glossophaga soricina)
• Mexican Free-tailed Bat (Tadarida brasiliensis)
• House Bats (Eptesicus)
• (Tadarida)
• Spotted Genuine-snake (Saphenophis boursieri)
• Ground Snake (Sonora semiannulata)
• Two-lined Mexican Earth Snake (Conopsis biserialis)
• Texas Blind Snake (Rena dulcis)
• Southwestern Blind Snake (Rena humilis humilis)
• Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor)
• Pacific Blue Eye (Pseudomugil signifer)
• (Kuhlia rupestris)
• Eastern Rainbowfish (Melanotaenia splendida)
• Agassiz's Glassfish (Ambassis agassizii)
• Bony Bream (Nematalosa erebi)
• Snakehead Gudgeon (Giuris margaritacea)
• Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis)
• (Tadarida aegyptiaca)
• (Pipistrellus tenuis)
• (Scotozous dormeri)
• Greater Mouse-tailed Bat (Rhinopoma microphyllum)
• (Megaderma lyra)
• Western Bonneted Bat (Eumops perotis)
• Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus)
• (Trichonephila clavipes)
• (Misumessus oblongus)
• Wheel Bug (Arilus cristatus)
• (Phidippus californicus)
• (Zelus tetracanthus)
• Napoleon Spider (Synema globosum)
• (Dioctria cothurnata)
• (Dioctria linearis)
• Cross Orbweaver (Araneus diadematus)
• (Saxicola rubicola)
• Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus)
• (Mallophora leschenaulti)
• (Araneus annulipes)
• Stripe-legged Robberfly (Dioctria hyalipennis)
• Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta)
• (Phymata fasciata)
• (Lophyra candida)
• Pink Crab Spider (Thomisus onustus)
• (Saropogon antipodus)
• (Saropogon fascipes)
• (Phidippus whitmani)
• (Thiania bhamoensis)
• (Notocyrtus dorsalis)
• Purple Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia purpurea)
• (Family Thomisidae)
• (Aranae)
• Dusky Roundleaf Bat (Hipposideros ater)
• Diadem Roundleaf Bat (Hipposideros diadema)
• Eastern Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus megaphyllus)
• Pearson's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus pearsonii)
• Intermediate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus affinis)
• Gould's Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus gouldii)
• Southern Forest Bat (Vespadelus regulus)
• Little Forest Bat (Vespadelus vulturnus)
• Chocolate Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus morio)
• Northern Cave Bat (Vespadelus caurinus)
• Little Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens greyii)
• Northern Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus westralis)
• Forest Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus adamsi)
• Hoary Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus nigrogriseus)
• Schreibers' Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus schreibersii)
• Northern Coastal Free-tailed Bat (Mormopterus cobourgianus)
• Northern Free-tailed Bat (Mormopterus lumsdenae)
• Large-footed Myotis (Myotis macropus)
• (Taphozous georgianus)
• Yellow-bellied Pouched Bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris)
• Orange Leaf-nosed Bat (Rhinonicteris aurantia)
• (Hipposideros stenotis)
• Australian False Vampire Bat (Macroderma gigas)
• Mexican Long-nosed Bats (Leptonycteris)
• Little Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris megalotis)
• Black Myotis (Myotis nigricans)
• Argentine Brown Bat (Eptesicus furinalis)
• Long-fingered Bat (Myotis capaccinii)
• Western Barbastelle (Barbastella barbastellus)
• Manavi Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus manavi)
• Major's Long-fingered Bat (Miniopterus majori)
• (Myotis goudoti)
• (Mormopterus)
• Greater Tube-nosed Bat (Murina leucogaster)
• Madagascar Free-tailed Bat (Chaerephon atsinanana)
• Stoliczka's Trident Bat (Aselliscus stoliczkanus)
• Greater Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris robustula)
• Lesser Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris pachypus)
• (Scotophilus kuhlii)