Eats

• Santa Barbara Daisy (Erigeron karvinskianus)
• Jointed Charlock (Raphanus raphanistrum)
• Speedwells (Veronica)
• Sweet Alyssum (Lobularia maritima)
• Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
• Common Cat's-ear (Hypochaeris radicata)
• Common Hazel (Corylus avellana)
• Poplars, Cottonwoods, And Aspens (Populus)
• White Willow (Salix alba)
• (Sericothrips)
• False Heather (Cuphea hyssopifolia)
• (Passiflora loefgrenii)
• Garden Privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium)
• Blue Statice (Limonium sinuatum)
• Rue (Ruta graveolens)
• Common Lantana (Lantana camara)
• (Centradenia grandifolia)
• Madagascar Ragwort (Senecio madagascariensis)
• Granadilla (Passiflora ligularis)
• (Passiflora arborea)
• Marmalade-bush (Streptosolen jamesonii)
• (Polygonum capitatum)
• (Passiflora adulterina)
• (Hebe elliptica)
• (Passiflora cuspidifolia)
• (Passiflora semiciliosa)
• Winged-stem Passion Flower (Passiflora alata)
• Banana Passionfruit (Passiflora tripartita)
• Redvein Abutilon (Callianthe picta)
• Reeve's Spiraea (Spiraea cantoniensis)
• Chia (Salvia hispanica)
• (Fuchsia hybrida)
• (Passiflora bogotensis)
• (http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F92C45F9F19DC16132492FB93EBBE33C)
• (Detritus)
• Common Dogwood (Cornus sanguinea)
• Spindle (Euonymus europaeus)
• Field Elm (Ulmus minor)
• European Black Elderberry (Sambucus nigra)
• Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa)
• Common Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna)

Preys on

• (Scaphytopius)
• (Blissus insularis)
• (Pseudococcus)
• (Oliarus)
• Wax Scales (Ceroplastes)
• Mangrove Cicada (Arunta interclusa)
• Typical Treehoppers (Membracidae)
• (Tangia breviceps)
• (Flatoidinus punctatus)
• (Acanalonia servillei)
• Green Dock Beetle (Gastrophysa viridula)

Pollinates

• Hoary Alyssum (Berteroa incana)
• Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
• Speedwells (Veronica)
• Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
• Cinquefoils (Potentilla)
• Dame's Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
• Blue-eyed Grasses (Sisyrinchium)
• Jointed Charlock (Raphanus raphanistrum)
• Currants And Gooseberries (Ribes)
• St. John's Worts (Hypericum)
• Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
• Creeping Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
• Matrimony Vine (Lycium barbarum)
• Spreading Dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium)
• Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)
• Arrowheads (Sagittaria)
• Tickseed (Coreopsis)
• Yarrows (Achillea)
• Hawkweeds (Hieracium)
• Tropical Spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis)
• Sundews (Drosera)
• (Baccharis)
• Prostrate Hutchinsia (Hornungia procumbens)
• (Viola portalesia)
• (Caldcluvia paniculata)
• Prickly Myrtle (Rhaphithamnus spinosus)
• (http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F292C2F6E6D0DB79016FD3D4986ADAF0)
• (Euphorbia portulacoides)
• Chilean Fire Bush (Embothrium coccineum)
• Snowbells (Styrax)
• Appalachian Sandwort (Mononeuria glabra)
• Piedmont Sandwort (Mononeuria uniflora)
• Transverse Range Manzanita (Arctostaphylos glandulosa mollis)
• Pringle's Manzanita (Arctostaphylos pringlei)
• Marsh Grass-of-parnassus (Parnassia palustris)
• (http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F917C528F9F87A9DE65D7F2564AC0D3)
• Rapeseed (Brassica napus)
• Canadian Buffalo-berry (Shepherdia canadensis)
• (Symphoricarpos albus)
• Wallflowers (Erysimum)
• Missouri Bladderpod (Physaria filiformis)
• (Limonium otolepis)
• Brown's Peony (Paeonia brownii)
• Maiden Pink (Dianthus deltoides)
• Fendler's Ceanothus (Ceanothus fendleri)
• (Jepsonia parryi)
• Scarlet Gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata)
• Hedge Bindweed (Calystegia sepium)
• Desert Bluebells (Phacelia campanularia)
• Twinflower (Linnaea borealis)
• Swamp Rosemallow (Hibiscus grandiflorus)
• Common Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna)
• Glade Mallow (Napaea dioica)
• Scrub Palmetto (Sabal etonia)
• (Rhodiola integrifolia leedyi)
• Otay Mesa Mint (Pogogyne nudiuscula)
• San Mateo Woolly Sunflower (Eriophyllum latilobum)
• Kachina Fleabane (Erigeron kachinensis)
• Sonoma Sunshine (Blennosperma bakeri)
• Burke's Goldfields (Lasthenia burkei)
• Persimmon Orchid (Epipactis thunbergii)
• Pink Sand Verbena (Abronia umbellata breviflora)
• (Purshia subintegra)
• (Emilia)
• (Lantana)
• Indigos (Indigofera)
• Coffee (Coffea arabica)
• Florida Pusley (Richardia scabra)
• (Myrica)
• Billygoat Weed (Ageratum conyzoides)
• (Lasianthus kilimandscharicus)
• (Pappea)
• Confetti Spikethorn (Gymnosporia senegalensis)
• (Oldenlandia)
• (Morpho sp.1*)
• (Ozoroa insignis)
• (Helichrysum forskahlii)
• Chinese Bur (Triumfetta rhomboidea)
• Tridax Daisy (Tridax procumbens)
• (Morpho sp.10*)
• Euclea Slug Moths (Euclea)
• Military Orchid (Orchis militaris)
• (Cypella geniculata)
• (Calydorea campestris)
• (Deianira)
• Yellow-eyed Grasses (Xyris)
• (Chaptalia runcinata)
• Hempvines (Mikania)
• (Stevia myriadenia)
• (Dracaena concinna)
• (Tourneortia argentea)
• (Stachytapheta jamaicensis)

Eaten by

• Garfish (Belone belone)
• Marbled Cellar Spider (Holocnemus pluchei)
• Goldenrod Crab Spider (Misumena vatia)
• Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos)
• Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
• Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata)
• Vireos (Vireo)
• Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)
• Western Wood-pewee (Contopus sordidulus)
• European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
• Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)
• Purple Martin (Progne subis)
• Violet-green Swallow (Tachycineta thalassina)
• House Wren (Troglodytes aedon)
• Yellow-legged Hornet (Vespa velutina)
• Saint Andrew's Cross Spider (Argiope keyserlingi)
• Australian Mopsolodes (Mopsolodes australensis)
• Stripe-legged Robberfly (Dioctria hyalipennis)
• Rainwater Killifish (Lucania parva)
• Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta)
• Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis)
• (Salpinctes obsoletus)
• Verdin (Auriparus flaviceps)
• Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca)
• Philadelphia Vireo (Vireo philadelphicus)
• Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus)
• White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus)
• Hammond's Flycatcher (Empidonax hammondii)
• Cordilleran Flycatcher (Empidonax occidentalis)
• (Setophaga pinus)
• Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli)
• (Corvus caurinus)
• Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi)
• Vaux's Swift (Chaetura vauxi)
• Black Swift (Cypseloides niger)
• (Cynanthus latirostris)

Preyed upon by

• (Philodromus)
• Leafhopper Assassin Bug (Zelus renardii)
• Round-leaved Sundew (Drosera rotundifolia)
• Buttonhook Leaf-beetle Jumping Spider (Sassacus vitis)
• Goldenrod Crab Spider (Misumena vatia)
• Mediterranean Mantis (Iris oratoria)
• Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)
• Silver Garden Orbweaver (Argiope argentata)
• Shore Earwig (Labidura riparia)
• Dimorphic Jumping Spider (Maevia inclemens)
• Dragonflies And Damselflies (Odonata)
• Tangleweb Spiders (Theridion)
• Feather-legged Spiders (Uloborus)
• (Dictyna)
• (Metacyrba)
• (Tetragnatha)
• Yellow-legged Hornet (Vespa velutina)
• German Yellowjacket (Vespula germanica)
• Red-bellied Jumping Spider (Philaeus chrysops)
• Napoleon Spider (Synema globosum)
• Boreal Tufted Jumping Spider (Phidippus borealis)
• Peppered Jumping Spider (Pelegrina galathea)
• Golden Jumping Spider (Paraphidippus aurantius)
• (Laphria sacrator)
• Red Damselfly (Xanthocnemis zealandica)
• Northern Spreadwing (Lestes disjunctus)
• (Icius subinermis)
• (Tyrannochelifer)
• (Scytodes)
• (Mangora)
• (Dendroica)
• Orchard Orbweaver (Leucauge venusta)
• (Ballus)
• (Pirata)
• (Stoidis)
• Labyrinth Orbweaver (Metepeira labyrinthea)
• (Argyrodes nephilae)
• (Nephila clavipes)
• (Paraphidippus)
• (Misumenops)
• Common Noctule (Nyctalus noctula)
• Common Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)
• Geoffroy's Bat (Myotis emarginatus)
• Bronze Shield Bug (Troilus luridus)