Eats

• (Phytoplankton)
• (Algae)
• (doliolids)
• (Detritus)

Eaten by

• Amphipods (Amphipoda)
• Non-biting Midges (Chironomidae)
• Beetles (Coleoptera)
• Insects (Insecta)
• Mullets (Mugilidae)
• Ray-finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)
• Arthropods (Arthropoda)
• Mites And Ticks (Acari)
• Birds (Aves)
• Harvester Ants (Pogonomyrmex)
• New World Blackbirds And Orioles (Icteridae)
• Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)
• Grasshoppers, Crickets, And Katydids (Orthoptera)
• Coyote (Canis latrans)
• Turtles And Tortoises (Testudines)
• Ants, Bees, Wasps, And Sawflies (Hymenoptera)
• (Andricus)
• Butterflies And Moths (Lepidoptera)
• Ants (Formicidae)
• Flies (Diptera)
• Fungi Including Lichens (Fungi)
• Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)
• Pufferfishes (Tetraodontidae)
• True Eels (Anguilliformes)
• Nassa Mudsnails (Nassariidae)
• Cyprinids (Cyprinidae)
• True Crickets (Gryllidae)
• Mosquitoes (Culicidae)
• Mallards, Pintails, And Allies (Anas)
• Meadow Voles (Microtus)
• Old World Rats (Rattus)
• Perching Birds (Passeriformes)
• Springtails (Collembola)
• Nematodes (Nematoda)
• Harvestmen (Opiliones)
• True Bugs, Hoppers, Aphids, And Allies (Hemiptera)
• Old World Pigeons (Columba)
• Millipedes (Diplopoda)
• Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia)
• Black Rat (Rattus rattus)
• Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla)
• Thrips (Thysanoptera)
• Caddisflies (Trichoptera)
• Robber Flies (Asilidae)
• Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)
• Earthworms And Allies (Oligochaeta)
• Greylag Goose (Anser anser)
• Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
• Spiny Spider Crab (Maja brachydactyla)
• Pacific Geoduck (Panopea generosa)
• Loons (Gavia)
• Atlantic Purple Sea Urchin (Paracentrotus lividus)
• New Zealand Green-lipped Mussel (Perna canaliculus)
• European Bittersweet Clam (Glycymeris glycymeris)
• Sea Potato (Echinocardium cordatum)
• Baltic Isopod (Idotea balthica)
• Coquina (Donax variabilis)
• Pacific Calico Scallop (Argopecten ventricosus)
• Tuna Crab (Pleuroncodes planipes)
• Rockpool Prawn (Palaemon elegans)
• Common Periwinkle (Littorina littorea)
• Red Abalone (Haliotis rufescens)
• Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas)
• California Seahare (Aplysia californica)
• Japanese Littleneck (Ruditapes philippinarum)
• Atlantic Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus)
• Grooved Carpet Shell (Ruditapes decussatus)
• Asian Shore Crab (Hemigrapsus sanguineus)
• Red-rimmed Melania (Melanoides tuberculata)
• File Limpet (Lottia limatula)
• California Spiny Lobster (Panulirus interruptus)
• Eroded Periwinkle (Littorina keenae)
• Jeweled Top Snail (Calliostoma annulatum)
• Owl Limpet (Lottia gigantea)
• Rough Keyhole Limpet (Diodora aspera)
• Bat Star (Patiria miniata)
• European Flat Oyster (Ostrea edulis)
• Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
• Olive Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea)
• Soft-shelled Clam (Mya arenaria)
• European Common Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis)
• Dungeness Crab (Metacarcinus magister)
• Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii)
• Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca)
• European Green Crab (Carcinus maenas)
• Gray Foxes (Urocyon)
• Kangaroo Rats And Pocket Mice (Heteromyidae)
• Squirrels (Sciuridae)
• Ciliates (Ciliophora)
• Krill (Euphausiacea)
• Decapods (Decapoda)
• Honey Bees, Bumble Bees, And Allies (Apidae)
• Lion's Mane Jellies (Cyanea)
• Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus)
• Bacteria (Bacteria)
• Pacific Acorn Barnacle (Balanus glandula)
• California Mussel (Mytilus californianus)
• Little Brown Barnacle (Chthamalus dalli)
• (Euphausia)
• Copepods (Copepoda)
• Typical Killifishes (Fundulus)
• (Hyporhamphus)
• Common Mullets (Mugil)
• Eastern Sea Garfish (Hyporhamphus australis)
• Silver Drummer (Kyphosus sydneyanus)
• (Sphoeroides)
• Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus)
• European Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
• Guineafowl Puffer (Arothron meleagris)
• Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides)
• Common Mola (Mola mola)
• Shanny (Lipophrys pholis)
• Giant Goby (Gobius cobitis)
• Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus)
• Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)
• Notchbrow Blenny (Hypsoblennius gilberti)
• Woolly Sculpin (Clinocottus analis)
• Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
• Grey Triggerfish (Balistes capriscus)
• Sharksucker (Echeneis naucrates)
• Five-bearded Rockling (Ciliata mustela)
• Banded Killifish (Fundulus diaphanus)
• Mediterranean Rainbow Wrasse (Coris julis)
• Luderick (Girella tricuspidata)
• Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)
• Wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri)
• Shortfin Mako (Isurus oxyrinchus)
• Oceanic Whitetip Shark (Carcharhinus longimanus)
• Garfish (Belone belone)
• Bandtail Puffer (Sphoeroides spengleri)
• Click Beetles (Elateridae)
• True Weevils (Curculionidae)
• Soldier Beetles (Cantharidae)
• Sap-feeding Beetles (Nitidulidae)
• (Otiorhynchus)
• (Sitona)
• Keelback Slugs (Limacidae)
• Helix Snails (Helicidae)
• Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae)
• Metallic Wood-boring Beetles (Buprestidae)
• Darkling Beetles (Tenebrionidae)
• (Cossoninae)
• Ducks, Geese, And Swans (Anatidae)
• Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)
• Bobcat (Lynx rufus)
• Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
• Common Raccoon (Procyon lotor)
• Mountain Lion (Puma concolor)
• Moth Flies And Sand Flies (Psychodidae)
• Mayflies (Ephemeroptera)
• Clitellates (Clitellata)
• (Polypedilum)
• Salamanders (Caudata)
• Cambarid Crayfishes (Cambaridae)
• (Tipula)
• Isopods (Isopoda)
• Soldier Flies (Stratiomyidae)
• Water Scavenger Beetles (Hydrophilidae)
• Horse And Deer Flies (Tabanidae)
• White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)
• American Coot (Fulica americana)
• House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)
• Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
• Sulphur-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua galerita)
• Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger)
• American Beaver (Castor canadensis)
• Desert Cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii)
• California Ground Squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi)
• American Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus)
• Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus)
• Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
• Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum)
• Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina)
• Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus psaltria)
• Acorn Woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus)
• Northern Hemisphere Crayfishes (Astacoidea)
• Southern Green Stink Bug (Nezara viridula)
• Onion-stalk Parasol (Leucocoprinus cepistipes)
• American Robin (Turdus migratorius)
• Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
• Gadwall (Mareca strepera)
• Sandhill Crane (Antigone canadensis)
• Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris)
• California Quail (Callipepla californica)
• White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi)
• Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)
• Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea)
• Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis)
• Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata)
• Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos)
• Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum)
• Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis)
• American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
• Curlews (Numenius)

Preyed upon by

• Rails, Gallinules, And Coots (Rallidae)
• Rock-barnacles (Balanus)
• Ducks, Geese, And Swans (Anatidae)
• Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis)
• Common Periwinkle (Littorina littorea)
• Black Geese (Branta)
• Hairy Sea-mat (Electra pilosa)
• Northern Acorn Barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides)
• Animals (Animalia)
• Common Atlantic Slippersnail (Crepidula fornicata)
• European Green Crab (Carcinus maenas)
• Soft-shelled Clam (Mya arenaria)
• Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
• Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor)
• Coyote (Canis latrans)
• (Tropisternus)
• Shore Flies (Ephydridae)
• (Physa)
• Speckled Duns (Callibaetis)
• American Coot (Fulica americana)
• Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)
• Sea Cucumbers (Holothuroidea)
• (Paphies)
• (Hemigrapsus)
• (Glaucus)
• Mudflat Tītiko (Amphibola crenata)
• New Zealand Green-lipped Mussel (Perna canaliculus)
• Amphipods (Amphipoda)
• Bivalves (Bivalvia)
• Mullets (Mugilidae)
• Arthropods (Arthropoda)
• Polychaete Worms (Polychaeta)
• Venus Clams (Veneridae)
• Seed Shrimp (Ostracoda)
• Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)
• Striped Shore Crab (Pachygrapsus crassipes)
• Cyclopoid Copepods (Cyclopoida)
• (Bulla)
• Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis)
• Livebearers And Lampeyes (Poeciliidae)
• Gastropods (Gastropoda)
• Crustaceans (Crustacea)
• Palaemonid Shrimps (Palaemonidae)
• (Callinectes)
• Jacks (Carangidae)
• Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
• Common Hermit Crab (Pagurus bernhardus)
• Common Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna)
• King Ragworm (Alitta virens)
• Brown Shrimp (Crangon crangon)
• (Elminius modestus)
• Chameleon Shrimp (Praunus flexuosus)
• (Malacoceros)
• Thicklip Grey Mullet (Chelon labrosus)
• (Corophium arenarium)
• (Corophium volutator)
• (Ampharete acutifrons)
• Stalked Sea Squirt (Styela clava)
• Northern Sea Squirt (Molgula manhattensis)
• Wrinkled Barnacle (Balanus crenatus)
• (Gammarus locusta)
• (Ensis directus)
• (Alcyonidioides mytili)
• (Jaera albifrons)
• (Scolelepis squamata)
• Twelve-scaled Worm (Lepidonotus squamatus)
• Common Cockle (Cerastoderma edule)
• (Macoma balthica)
• (Gammarus marinus)
• (Nereis diversicolor)
• Grey Mail-shell (Lepidochitona cinerea)
• (Spio martinensis)
• (Anas penelope)
• (Pygospio elegans)
• (Bathyporeia sarsi)
• Bristleworm (Polydora ciliata)
• (Polydora cornuta)
• (Tharyx killariensis)
• (Capitella capitata)
• (Crassostrea gigas)
• Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca)
• (Lanice chonchilega)
• (Scoloplos armiger)
• (Scololepis foliosa)
• Laver Spire-shell (Peringia ulvae)
• Bristleworm (Magelona mirabilis)
• Blow Lugworm (Arenicola marina)
• (Bathyporeia pilosa)
• (Cumopsis goodsir)
• (Urothoe)
• Northern Pintail (Anas acuta)
• (Haliplus)
• (Helisoma)
• Giant Water Scavenger Beetles (Hydrophilus)
• New Zealand Sentinel Crab (Hemiplax hirtipes)
• (Aonides)
• (Cymodopsis montis)
• Estuarine Pillbox Crab (Halicarcinus whitei)
• Horseshoe Worms (Phoronida)
• (Capittelidae)

Pollinated by

• Insects (Insecta)
• (Pollinator)
• (Cynanthus latirostris)