Eats

• Garden Whites (Pieris)
• Goldenrods (Solidago)
• Clovers (Trifolium)
• Sweet Peas And Vetchlings (Lathyrus)
• Rhododendrons And Azaleas (Rhododendron)
• Barberries (Berberis)
• Vetches (Vicia)
• Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea)
• Live-forever (Hylotelephium)
• American Asters (Symphyotrichum)
• Hollyhock (Alcea rosea)
• Hyssop (Agastache)
• Mallows (Malva)
• Marigolds (Tagetes)
• Knapweeds (Centaurea)
• Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
• (Mentheae)
• Common Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)
• Large-leaved Aster (Eurybia macrophylla)
• Catnip (Nepeta cataria)
• Carrot Family (Apiaceae)
• Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
• Canada Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis)
• Pearly Everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea)
• Toadflax (Linaria)
• Black-eyed Susans And Coneflowers (Rudbeckia)
• Sunflowers And Allies (Heliantheae)
• Coneflowers (Echinacea)
• Stonecrops (Sedum)
• Joe-pye Weeds (Eutrochium)
• Panicled Aster (Symphyotrichum lanceolatum)
• New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
• Vervain (Verbena)
• Common Toadflax (Linaria vulgaris)
• Jointed Charlock (Raphanus raphanistrum)
• Common Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
• Stonecrops (Crassula)
• Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis)
• Roses (Rosa)
• Sow Thistles (Sonchus)
• Hairy White Oldfield Aster (Symphyotrichum pilosum)
• Burdocks (Arctium)
• Lavender (Lavandula)
• Bellflowers (Campanula)
• White Sweetclover (Melilotus albus)
• Flat-topped Goldenrod (Euthamia graminifolia)
• (Hypochaeridinae)
• Common Morning-glory (Ipomoea purpurea)
• Turtleheads (Chelone)
• Knotweeds, Smartweeds, And Waterpeppers (Persicaria)
• Anise Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum)
• Chicories And Endives (Cichorium)
• Beebalms And Bergamots (Monarda)
• Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta)
• Blanket Flowers (Gaillardia)
• Wild Carrot (Daucus carota)
• Spotted Joe-pye Weed (Eutrochium maculatum)
• Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)
• (Vitex)
• Sunflowers (Helianthus)
• Purple Crownvetch (Securigera varia)
• Common Evening-primrose (Oenothera biennis)
• White Meadowsweet (Spiraea alba)
• Privets (Ligustrum)
• St. John's Worts (Hypericum)
• Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa)
• True Lilies (Lilium)
• Broad-leaved Sweet Pea (Lathyrus latifolius)
• Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe)
• Rowans And Mountain Ashes (Sorbus)
• Dame's Rocket (Hesperis matronalis)
• Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora)
• Common Lilac (Syringa vulgaris)
• Loosestrifes (Lysimachia)
• Lythrums (Lythrum)
• Irises (Iris)
• Periwinkles (Vinca)
• Meadowsweet (Spiraea)
• (Bergenia)
• Sages (Salvia)
• Hydrangeas (Hydrangea)
• Eryngos (Eryngium)
• Ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea)
• (Pentas)
• Mountain Mint (Pycnanthemum)
• Trilliums (Trillium)
• Redbuds (Cercis)
• Leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata)
• Geraniums And Cranesbills (Geranium)
• Crownbeard (Verbesina)
• Deadnettles (Lamium)
• Red Osier Dogwood (Cornus sericea)
• Dandelions (Taraxacum)
• Lesser Periwinkle (Vinca minor)
• Creeping Thistle (Cirsium arvense)
• Wild Indigos (Baptisia)
• Sumacs (Rhus)
• Touch-me-nots (Impatiens)
• Beardtongues (Penstemon)
• (Pontederia)
• Thistles (Cirsium)
• Bird's-foot Trefoils And Deervetches (Lotus)
• Melilots And Sweetclovers (Melilotus)
• Lilac Chaste Tree (Vitex agnus-castus)
• Buckeyes And Horse-chestnuts (Aesculus)
• Nymph Jellyfishes (Liriope)
• Trailing Blackberry (Rubus ursinus)
• Figworts (Scrophularia)
• Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus)
• Knotweed Family (Polygonaceae)
• Willows (Salix)
• Blueberries, Cranberries, And Allies (Vaccinium)
• Tickseed (Coreopsis)
• Viper's-buglosses (Echium)
• Partridge Pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata)
• Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)
• White Clover (Trifolium repens)
• Viburnums (Viburnum)
• Coneflowers (Ratibida)
• Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare)
• False Foxgloves (Agalinis)
• Grass-leaved Goldenrods (Euthamia)
• Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus)
• Mint Family (Lamiaceae)
• Plantain (Plantago)
• Field Thistle (Cirsium discolor)
• Butterfly Milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa)
• Showy Goldenrod (Solidago speciosa)
• Milkweeds (Asclepias)
• Orpine (Hylotelephium telephium)
• Mustard Family (Brassicaceae)
• Morning-glories (Ipomoea)
• Hawkweeds (Pilosella)
• Swamp Loosestrife (Decodon verticillatus)
• Human (Homo sapiens)
• Thistles And Allies (Carduoideae)
• Red Deadnettle (Lamium purpureum)
• Catmints (Nepeta)
• Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii)
• Apples (Malus)
• Bluejacket (Tradescantia ohiensis)
• Basils (Ocimum)
• Violets (Viola)
• Common Blue Wood Aster (Symphyotrichum cordifolium)
• Sunflowers, Daisies, Asters, And Allies (Asteraceae)
• Purpletop Vervain (Verbena bonariensis)
• Common Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum)
• Buckthorns (Rhamnus)
• Mints (Mentha)
• White Campion (Silene latifolia)
• Honeysuckles, Moschatels, And Allies (Dipsacales)
• Pinkladies (Oenothera speciosa)
• Foxglove Beardtongue (Penstemon digitalis)
• Rattlesnake Master (Eryngium yuccifolium)
• Speedwells (Veronica)
• Virginia Mountain Mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)

Pollinates

• Leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata)
• Velvetleaf Blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides)
• White Meadowsweet (Spiraea alba)
• Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
• Common Eastern Bumble Bee (Bombus impatiens)
• Dandelions (Taraxacum)
• Margined Calligrapher (Toxomerus marginatus)
• (Andromeda polifolia latifolia)
• Black Huckleberry (Gaylussacia baccata)
• (Ledum groenlandicum)
• (Kalmia polifolia)
• (Euphyes vestris)
• Horace's Duskywing (Erynnis horatius)
• Large Four-spotted Scoliid Wasp (Pygodasis quadrimaculata)
• American Bumble Bee (Bombus pensylvanicus)
• Whirlabout (Polites vibex)
• Chinese Mantis (Tenodera sinensis)
• (Cirsium altissimum)
• Perplexing Bumble Bee (Bombus perplexus)

Eaten by

• Green Lynx Spider (Peucetia viridans)
• (Laphria thoracica)
• Chinese Mantis (Tenodera sinensis)
• (Promachus hinei)

Preyed upon by

• Goldenrod Crab Spider (Misumena vatia)
• Chinese Mantis (Tenodera sinensis)
• Wheel Bug (Arilus cristatus)
• (Diogmites basalis)
• Jagged Ambush Bug (Phymata americana)
• Pennsylvania Ambush Bug (Phymata pennsylvanica)
• Ambush Bugs (Phymatinae)
• (Stagmomantis carolina)
• (Laphria grossa)

Pollinated by

• Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
• Common Eastern Bumble Bee (Bombus impatiens)
• Feather-legged Scoliid Wasp (Dielis plumipes)
• Blue-winged Scoliid Wasp (Scolia dubia)