Eats

• Ciliates (Ciliophora)
• Cods (Gadiformes)
• Copepods (Copepoda)
• Euphotic Krill (Euphausiidae)
• (Sarcomastigophora)
• Seed Shrimp (Ostracoda)
• Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae)
• Cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteria)
• (Dinophyceae)
• Hydrozoans (Hydrozoa)
• (Phytoplankton)
• (Dinoflagellata)
• (Prymnesiophyceae)
• (Detritus complex)
• (Radiolaria)
• (Foraminiferida)

Eaten by

• Small-spotted Catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula)
• Garfish (Belone belone)
• Arrow Worms (Chaetognatha)
• Flyingfishes (Exocoetidae)
• Ray-finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)
• Striped Dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba)
• Eden's Whale (Balaenoptera edeni)
• Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)
• Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)
• Fairy Prion (Pachyptila turtur)
• Common Diving-petrel (Pelecanoides urinatrix)
• Typical Terns (Sterna)
• Ancient Murrelet (Synthliboramphus antiquus)
• Tufted Puffin (Fratercula cirrhata)
• Brittle Stars (Ophiuroidea)
• (Oceanodroma)
• Hydrozoans (Hydrozoa)
• Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus)
• Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus)
• Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis)
• Common Murre (Uria aalge)
• Euphotic Krill (Euphausiidae)
• Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus)
• White-spotted Dogfish (Squalus acanthias)
• Witch Flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus)
• Pouting (Trisopterus luscus)
• Whiting (Merlangius merlangus)
• (Psetta maxima)
• Tub Gurnard (Chelidonichthys lucerna)
• Three-bearded Rockling (Gaidropsarus vulgaris)
• Thornback Skate (Raja clavata)
• (Trigloporus lastoviza)
• Starry Smooth-hound (Mustelus asterias)
• European Sprat (Sprattus sprattus)
• Spotted Skate (Raja montagui)
• Common Sole (Solea solea)
• Silvery Pout (Gadiculus argenteus)
• Shagreen Skate (Leucoraja fullonica)
• Longspined Bullhead (Taurulus bubalis)
• Mediterranean Scaldfish (Arnoglossus laterna)
• (Ammodytes)
• Lesser Sand Lance (Ammodytes tobianus)
• Pollock (Pollachius virens)
• Striped Red Mullet (Mullus surmuletus)
• Red Gurnard (Chelidonichthys cuculus)
• (Trisopterus minutus)
• Pearlside (Maurolicus muelleri)
• Norway Pout (Trisopterus esmarkii)
• Megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis)
• Mediterranean Horse Mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus)
• European Argentine (Argentina sphyraena)
• Lesser Weever (Echiichthys vipera)
• Lemon Sole (Microstomus kitt)
• Imperial Scaldfish (Arnoglossus imperialis)
• Atlantic Horse Mackerel (Trachurus trachurus)
• Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus)
• Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)
• Gurnards (Trigla)
• Grey Gurnard (Eutrigla gurnardus)
• (Hyperoplus)
• (GOBIDAE)
• (Enchelyopus cimbrius)
• Four-spotted Megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii)
• European Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)
• European Hake (Merluccius merluccius)
• European Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus)
• Sand Dab (Limanda limanda)
• Cuckoo Wrasse (Labrus mixtus)
• Cuckoo Skate (Leucoraja naevus)
• Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)
• Boarfish (Capros aper)
• Blackbelly Rosefish (Helicolenus dactylopterus)
• Blue Whiting (Micromesistius poutassou)
• Blonde Skate (Raja brachyura)
• Angler (Lophius piscatorius)
• American Plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides)
• Allis Shad (Alosa alosa)
• Atlantic Pollock (Pollachius pollachius)
• Pacific Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus)
• (Thunnini)
• (Pleuragramma antarcticum)
• Macaroni Penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus)
• Southern Elephant Seal (Mirounga leonina)
• (Nauticaris marionis)
• Antarctic Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia)
• Southern Right Whale (Eubalaena australis)
• Pygmy Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda)
• (Chaenodraco wilsoni)
• (Chionodraco)
• (Pagetopsis macropterus)
• (Trematomus scotti)
• (Electrona antarctica)
• Glacial Cranch Squid (Galiteuthis glacialis)
• (Kondakovia longimana)
• New Zealand Sea Lion (Phocarctos hookeri)
• Emperor Penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri)
• Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddellii)
• (Stomias gracilis)
• Carlsberg's Lanternfish (Electrona carlsbergi)
• Parallel Lanternfish (Protomyctophum parallelum)

Preyed upon by

• Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus)
• Albacore (Thunnus alalunga)
• Common Murre (Uria aalge)
• Cassin's Auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus)
• Sei Whale (Balaenoptera borealis)
• Pacific Cod (Gadus macrocephalus)
• Sandpaper Skate (Bathyraja interrupta)
• Blue Shark (Prionace glauca)
• Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)
• Canary Rockfish (Sebastes pinniger)
• Darkblotched Rockfish (Sebastes crameri)
• Pacific Ocean Perch (Sebastes alutus)
• Yellowtail Rockfish (Sebastes flavidus)
• Splitnose Rockfish (Sebastes diploproa)
• Humboldt Squid (Dosidicus gigas)
• Pacific Hake (Merluccius productus)
• Widow Rockfish (Sebastes entomelas)
• Sharpchin Rockfish (Sebastes zacentrus)
• Greenstriped Rockfish (Sebastes elongatus)
• Pygmy Rockfish (Sebastes wilsoni)
• (Raja rhina)
• Shortspine Thornyhead (Sebastolobus alascanus)
• Sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria)
• Pacific Dover Sole (Microstomus pacificus)
• (Reinhardtius stomias)
• Bonaparte's Gull (Chroicocephalus philadelphia)
• (Myctophum asperum)