Eats

• Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
• Oaks (Quercus)
• Prostrate Knotweed (Polygonum aviculare)
• Plums, Cherries, And Allies (Prunus)
• Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
• Grasses (Poaceae)
• Dicots (Magnoliopsida)
• Oats (Avena)
• Amaranths (Amaranthus)
• American Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana)
• Wheats (Triticum)
• Goose Grass (Eleusine indica)
• Poison Ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)
• Legumes, Milkworts, And Allies (Fabales)
• Knotweeds (Polygonum)
• Chickweeds (Stellaria)
• Clitellates (Clitellata)
• Animals (Animalia)
• Goosefoots (Chenopodium)
• Bedstraws (Galium)
• Buttercups (Ranunculus)
• Cabbages And Mustards (Brassica)
• (Ulmus americana)
• Maize (Zea mays)
• Barleys (Hordeum)
• (Digitaria ischaemum)
• (Non-biological)
• (Sinapis)
• (Fumaria)
• (Quercus humboldtii)
• (Quercus fusiformis)

Eaten by

• Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
• Common Raven (Corvus corax)
• Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
• Blue Blowfly (Calliphora vicina)
• Crows And Ravens (Corvus)
• Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii)
• Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
• Merlin (Falco columbarius)
• Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
• Barn Owl (Tyto alba)
• Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
• Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus)
• Black Kite (Milvus migrans)
• Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo)
• Red Kite (Milvus milvus)
• (Aquila pomarina)
• (Aquila heliaca)
• Bonelli's Eagle (Aquila fasciata)
• Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)
• Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug)
• Spanish Eagle (Aquila adalberti)
• (Aquila clanga)
• Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus)
• Lanner Falcon (Falco biarmicus)
• Herring Gull (Larus argentatus)
• Yellow-legged Gull (Larus michahellis)
• Eurasian Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo)
• Tawny Owl (Strix aluco)
• Ural Owl (Strix uralensis)
• Caspian Gull (Larus cachinnans)
• (Garrulus glandarius)
• Eurasian Magpie (Pica pica)
• (Coloeus monedula)
• Rook (Corvus frugilegus)
• Carrion Crow (Corvus corone)
• Gray Wolf (Canis lupus)
• Golden Jackal (Canis aureus)
• European Wildcat (Felis silvestris)
• Jungle Cat (Felis chaus)
• Northern Small-spotted Genet (Genetta genetta)
• Ichneumon (Herpestes ichneumon)
• Sable (Martes zibellina)
• Eurasian Pine Marten (Martes martes)
• Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus)
• Stone Marten (Martes foina)
• Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx)
• Striped Hyaena (Hyaena hyaena)
• Corsac Fox (Vulpes corsac)
• Steppe Ratsnake (Elaphe dione)
• (Elaphe situla)
• Desert Monitor (Varanus griseus)
• East-four-lined Ratsnake (Elaphe sauromates)
• (Hierophis viridiflavus carbonarius)
• Black Headed Snake (Telescopus nigriceps)
• Wels Catfish (Silurus glanis)
• Gray Hawk (Buteo plagiatus)
• Eurasian Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus)
• New Zealand Falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae)
• Southern Black-backed Gull (Larus dominicanus dominicanus)
• (Circus approximans)
• (Aquila chrysaetos)
• Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus)
• Eastern Screech-owl (Megascops asio)

Preyed upon by

• Western Gull (Larus occidentalis)
• Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
• Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii)
• Vertebrates (Vertebrata)
• (Elachistodon westermanni)
• (Macrovipera lebetina cernovi)
• (Milvus migrans aegyptius)
• Black Kite (Milvus migrans)
• Eurasian Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus)
• Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis)
• New Zealand Falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae)
• (Circus approximans)