Eats

• (Cyanoplax)
• Scouring-pad Alga (Endocladia muricata)
• Checkered Periwinkle (Littorina scutulata)
• Black Tegula (Tegula funebralis)
• Cyanobacteria (Cyanobacteria)
• (Chironomus)
• Large Crane Flies (Tipulidae)
• (Melosira varians)
• (Typosyllis adamanteus)
• (Dynamene glabra)
• (Littorina planaxis)
• (Collisella scabra)
• (Collisella pelta)
• (Syllis vittata)
• (Acmaea digitalis)
• (Detritus)
• (Dead cellular plant material)
• (Amorphous detritus)
• (Triplectides truncatus)
• (Riethia)
• (Gomphonema olivaceum)
• (Cymatopleura librile)
• (Tabellaria flocculosa)
• (Diatoma hiemale)
• (Eunotia incisa)
• (CPOM)
• (Eunotia)
• (Eunotia rhomboidea)
• (Pinnularia subcapitata)
• (Amphora ovalis)
• (Encyonema silesacum)
• (Fragilaria vaucheriae)
• (Hannaea arcus)
• (Navicula lanceolata)
• (Eunotia pectinalis)
• (Surirella ovalis)
• (Fragilaria)
• (Rhoicosphenia curvata)
• (Amphora pediculus)
• (Achnanthes joursacense)
• (Frustulia rhomboides)
• (Gomphonema angustatum)
• (Synedra minuscula)
• (Peronia fibula)
• (Navicula capitatoradiata)
• (Encyonema minutum)
• (Gomphonema)
• (Achnanthes oblongella)
• (Eunotia vanheurckii)
• (Staurosira elliptica)
• (Achnanthes minutissima)
• (Eucocconeis austriaca)
• (Diatoma vulgaris)
• (Achnanthes)
• (Navicula pseudofrugalis)
• (Navicula menisculus)
• (Cymbella lanceolata)
• (Achnanthidium helveticum)
• (Eunotia exigua)
• (Navicula cryptotenella)
• (Nitzschia dissipata)
• (Achnanthes modestiformis)
• (Navicula tripunctata)
• (Staurosirella leptostauron)
• (Cocconeis placentula)
• (Navicula gregaria)
• (Nitzschia perminuta)
• (Achnanthes lanceolata)
• (blue-green algal-bacterial mat)

Preys on

• Large Crane Flies (Tipulidae)
• (Chironomus)
• Earthworms And Allies (Oligochaeta)
• Non-biting Midges (Chironomidae)
• (Triplectides truncatus)
• (Riethia)
• (Tanypodinae)
• (Ecdyonurus dispar)
• (Electrogena lateralis)
• (Hydrachnidia)

Pollinates

• Marsh Grass-of-parnassus (Parnassia palustris)

Eaten by

• Arachnids (Arachnida)
• Birds (Aves)
• Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus)
• Noble False Widow (Steatoda nobilis)
• Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
• Southern Alligator Lizard (Elgaria multicarinata)
• Brown Creeper (Certhia americana)
• Grey House Spider (Badumna longinqua)
• Large Crane Flies (Tipulidae)
• Garfish (Belone belone)
• Vireos (Vireo)
• Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)
• Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)
• Winter Wren (Troglodytes hiemalis)
• White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi)
• Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius)
• Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)
• Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla)
• Veery (Catharus fuscescens)
• Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus)
• Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina)
• Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea)
• Chestnut-sided Warbler (Setophaga pensylvanica)
• Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata)
• Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus)
• Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)
• Purple Martin (Progne subis)
• Violet-green Swallow (Tachycineta thalassina)
• Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum)
• Yellow-legged Hornet (Vespa velutina)
• (Tachytrechus angustipennis)
• Nevada Water Mite (Thermacarus nevadensis)
• (Partnuniella thermalis)
• (Dolichovespula maculata)
• (Pacificanthia consors)
• (Laphria divisor)
• Johnson's Jumping Spider (Phidippus johnsoni)
• (Lebertia glabra)
• (Trissopelopia)
• (Plectrocnemia)
• (Macropelopia)
• (Macropelopia nebulosa)
• (Sialis fuliginosa)
• (Cordulegaster boltonii)
• (Plectrocnemia conspersa)
• Grayling (Thymallus thymallus)
• European Minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus)
• Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)
• Northern Pike (Esox lucius)
• (Nemadoras cristinae)
• (Galaxias eldoni)
• Taieri Flathead Galaxias (Galaxias depressiceps)
• (Galaxias anomalus)
• (Brycon dentex)
• (Salvelinus alpinus alpinus)
• (Galaxias vulgaris)
• (Sillago schomburgkii)
• (Trichomycterus corduvensis)
• (Leuciscus leuciscus)
• (Fulica americana columbiana)
• White-backed Woodpecker (Dendrocopos leucotos)
• (Dendrocopos minor)
• European Eel (Anguilla anguilla)
• (Galaxias)
• Macquarie Perch (Macquaria australasica)
• (Prototroctes maraena)
• (Gobiomorphus breviceps)
• European Bullhead (Cottus gobio)
• African Sacred Ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus)
• Black Francolin (Francolinus francolinus)
• Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus)
• Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta)
• Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis)
• Sora (Porzana carolina)
• Brown Teal (Anas chlorotis)
• (Salpinctes obsoletus)
• Lucy's Warbler (Leiothlypis luciae)
• (Oporornis philadelphia)
• Bay-breasted Warbler (Setophaga castanea)
• Blackburnian Warbler (Setophaga fusca)
• Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus)
• (Alectoris chukar)
• Paradise Shelduck (Tadorna variegata)
• (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos)
• Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus)
• Philadelphia Vireo (Vireo philadelphicus)
• White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus)
• Hammond's Flycatcher (Empidonax hammondii)
• Red-breasted Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus ruber)
• (Picoides pubescens)
• Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus)
• (Parkesia motacilla)
• Magnolia Warbler (Setophaga magnolia)
• Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli)
• Boat-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus major)
• (Corvus caurinus)
• (Sphyrapicus thyroideus)
• Typical Cuckoos (Cuculus)
• Black Swift (Cypseloides niger)
• Vaux's Swift (Chaetura vauxi)

Preyed upon by

• Large Crane Flies (Tipulidae)
• Tan Jumping Spider (Platycryptus undatus)
• Western Spotted Orbweaver (Neoscona oaxacensis)
• Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
• Crab Spiders (Thomisidae)
• Meadowhawks (Sympetrum)
• Dragonflies (Anisoptera)
• Orbweavers (Araneidae)
• Birds (Aves)
• Arachnids (Arachnida)
• (Pyrrhosoma nymphula)
• New Zealand Mantis (Orthodera novaezealandiae)
• Golden Jumping Spider (Paraphidippus aurantius)
• (Chartoscirta cincta)
• Reed Bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus)
• (Haemopis sanguisuga)
• European Common Frog (Rana temporaria)
• European Nursery Web Spider (Pisaura mirabilis)
• (Lithobius piceus)
• Short-winged Conehead (Conocephalus dorsalis)
• Leaflitter Crab Spiders (Ozyptila)
• Green Huntsman Spider (Micrommata virescens)
• (Somatochlora)
• Ruddy Darter (Sympetrum sanguineum)
• Vagrant Darter (Sympetrum vulgatum)
• (Orthetrum cancellatum)
• Slender Crab Spiders (Tibellus)
• (Larinioides)
• (Dolichovespula sylvestris)
• Common Grasshopper-warbler (Locustella naevia)
• (Sympetrum striolatum)
• (Squalius cephalus)
• Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)
• Northern Pike (Esox lucius)
• (Cordulegaster boltonii)
• (Plectrocnemia conspersa)
• Grayling (Thymallus thymallus)
• (Leuciscus leuciscus)
• (Tanypodinae)
• (Plectrocnemia geniculata)
• Gudgeon (Gobio gobio)
• (Sialis fuliginosa)
• (Erpobdella octoculata)
• Common Blue-tongued Skink (Tiliqua scincoides)
• (Bufo marinus)
• (Crossocerus (Acanthocrabro) vagabundus)
• (Rhopalum (Corynopus) coarctatum)
• Greater Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum)
• Long-tailed Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus)
• (Mystacina tuberculata)
• Western Barbastelle (Barbastella barbastellus)
• (Plecotus auritus)
• Bechstein's Bat (Myotis bechsteinii)
• Natterer's Bat (Myotis nattereri)
• Savi's Pipistrelle (Hypsugo savii)
• Greater Mouse-tailed Bat (Rhinopoma microphyllum)
• Dusky Roundleaf Bat (Hipposideros ater)
• Bent-winged Bats (Miniopterus)
• Sorensen's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros sorenseni)
• Schneider's Roundleaf Bat (Hipposideros speoris)
• Geoffroy's Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia tridens)
• Kuhl's Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii)
• Egyptian Slit-faced Bat (Nycteris thebaica)
• Felten's Myotis (Myotis punicus)
• Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus euryale)
• Lesser Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros)
• Giant Noctule (Nyctalus lasiopterus)
• Geoffroy's Bat (Myotis emarginatus)
• Common Noctule (Nyctalus noctula)
• Long-fingered Bat (Myotis capaccinii)
• Common Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)
• Pygmy Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus)
• Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus)
• Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus)
• Cave Myotis (Myotis velifer)
• Mehely's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mehelyi)
• Silver-haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans)
• California Myotis (Myotis californicus)
• (Myotis austroriparius)
• Gray Bat (Myotis grisescens)
• (Tachytrechus angustipennis)
• Nevada Water Mite (Thermacarus nevadensis)
• (Partnuniella thermalis)
• (Galaxias)
• (Macropelopia nebulosa)