Eats

• California Gull (Larus californicus)
• (Magnoliophyta)
• (alpine vegetation)

Eaten by

• Coyote (Canis latrans)
• Bobcat (Lynx rufus)
• Mountain Lion (Puma concolor)
• Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
• Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
• Typical Foxes (Vulpes)
• (Mustela)
• Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
• White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus)
• Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus)
• Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii)
• Gray Wolf (Canis lupus)
• Golden Jackal (Canis aureus)
• European Wildcat (Felis silvestris)
• Dhole (Cuon alpinus)
• Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
• Spotted Hyaena (Crocuta crocuta)
• Spotted-tailed Quoll (Dasyurus maculatus)
• Mulgara (Dasycercus cristicauda)
• Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx)
• Stone Marten (Martes foina)
• American Marten (Martes americana)
• Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)
• Northern Tigrina (Leopardus tigrinus)
• Margay (Leopardus wiedii)
• Hoary Zorro (Lycalopex vetulus)
• (Martes pennanti)
• Lion (Panthera leo)
• Leopard (Panthera pardus)
• Eurasian Stoat (Mustela erminea)
• Western Polecat (Mustela putorius)
• Eurasian Pine Marten (Martes martes)
• Least Weasel (Mustela nivalis)
• (Vampyrum spectrum)
• Mainland Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)
• (Uncia uncia)
• Kit Fox (Vulpes macrotis)
• Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus)
• Martens (Martes)
• (hawks and owls (7 species))
• (Meles)
• (Gulo)
• (Coyote)
• Brown Bear (Ursus arctos)
• (Salvelinus vasiljevae)
• Murray Cod (Maccullochella peelii)
• Aesculapian Snake (Zamenis longissimus)
• (Melierax canorus argentior)
• Eurasian Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)
• Asp Viper (Vipera aspis)
• Karoo Sand Snake (Psammophis notostictus)
• Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)
• Northern Shrike (Lanius borealis)
• Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis)
• Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis)
• Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus)
• Herring Gull (Larus argentatus)
• Great Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus)

Preyed upon by

• Typical Foxes (Vulpes)
• Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
• (Sistrurus catenatus)
• False Mussurana (Boiruna maculata)
• African Bush Viper (Atheris squamigera)
• Fischer's Cat Snake (Toxicodryas pulverulenta)
• (Oligodon albocinctus)
• (Bitis nasicornis)
• Aesculapian Snake (Zamenis longissimus)
• Many-banded Krait (Bungarus multicinctus)
• Cook's Tree Boa (Corallus cookii)
• Smooth Snake (Coronella austriaca)
• Gaboon Viper (Bitis gabonica)
• Puff Adder (Bitis arietans)
• (Clelia langeri)
• (Calabaria reinhardtii)
• Spotted Python (Antaresia maculosa)
• (Corallus hortulanus)
• (Elaphe situla)
• (Psammophylax tritaeniatus tritaeniatus)
• Indigo Snake (Drymarchon corais)
• Duméril's False Coral Snake (Oxyrhopus clathratus)
• (Python sebae)
• (Psammophylax rhombeatus)
• (Psammophis lineatus)
• Red Spotted Royal Snake (Spalerosophis arenarius)
• Ball Python (Python regius)
• Saw-scaled Viper (Echis carinatus)
• Southern Stiletto Snake (Atractaspis bibronii)
• Urutu Lancehead (Bothrops alternatus)
• Woma Python (Aspidites ramsayi)
• Brown Tree Snake (Boiga irregularis)
• (Cryptelytrops albolabris)
• Guibe´s Flame Snake (Oxyrhopus guibei)
• (Spalerosophis diadema schirasianus)
• (Hypnale hypnale)
• (Trimeresurus malabaricus)
• Brown House Snake (Boaedon fuliginosus)
• (Pseudocerastes fieldi)
• (Scaphiophis albopunctatus)
• (Trimeresurus gramineus)
• (Hierophis viridiflavus carbonarius)
• Hissing Sand Snake (Psammophis sibilans)
• (Lamprophis lineatus)
• (Protobothrops flavoviridis)
• Eastern Brown Snake (Pseudonaja textilis)
• (Bitis arietans arietans)
• Chinese Mountain Pit Viper (Ovophis monticola)
• Steppe Ratsnake (Elaphe dione)
• (Gloydius halys)
• (Orientocoluber spinalis)
• (Broghammerus reticulatus)
• Neotropical Lanceheads (Bothrops)
• (Coelognathus radiatus)
• (Trimeresurus strigatus)
• Black-necked Spitting Cobra (Naja nigricollis)
• (Daboia russelii)
• (Orthriophis taeniurus)
• (Lycodon aulicus)
• (Naja atra)
• (Trimeresurus stejnegeri stejnegeri)
• (Oreocryptophis porphyraceus porphyraceus)
• (Ptyas mucosa)
• Dugite (Pseudonaja affinis)
• (Oxyrhopus petolarius sebae)
• (Malpolon insignitus insignitus)
• (Lamprophis olivaceus)
• (Coelognathus helena)
• (Deinagkistrodon acutus)
• (Platyceps rhodorachis)
• Mexican Lancehead Rattlesnake (Crotalus polystictus)
• Taiwanese Habu (Protobothrops mucrosquamatus)
• (Python molurus bivittatus)
• Indian Python (Python molurus)
• (Atropoides nummifer)
• (Dendroaspis polylepis polylepis)
• (Bothrophthalmus lineatus)
• Northern Brown Snake (Pseudonaja nuchalis)
• (Elaphe bimaculata)
• (Psammophylax multisquamis)
• (Boiga gokool)
• (Xenochrophis piscator)
• Gray Wolf (Canis lupus)
• (Megaderma lyra)
• (Zamenis situla)
• (Prionailurus javanensis sumatranus)
• (Spilornis cheela)
• White-throated Kingfisher (Halcyon smyrnensis)
• (Ardea melanocephala)
• Asp Viper (Vipera aspis)