Eaten by

• Eastern Tent Caterpillar Moth (Malacosoma americana)
• (Nematocampa)
• (Dasychira)
• (Campaea)
• Banded Graphisurus (Graphisurus fasciatus)
• (Agrilus)
• Fungi Including Lichens (Fungi)
• Pigeon Horntail (Tremex columba)
• (Cydia)
• Blinded Sphinx (Paonias excaecata)
• Lorquin's Admiral (Limenitis lorquini)
• Viceroy (Limenitis archippus)
• Underwing Moths (Catocala)
• American Copper Underwing (Amphipyra pyramidoides)
• White-marked Tussock Moth (Orgyia leucostigma)
• Dagger Moths (Acronicta)
• Satyrid Hairstreaks (Satyrium)
• (Stigmella)
• Propertius Duskywing (Erynnis propertius)
• (Cameraria)
• Common Eupithecia Moth (Eupithecia miserulata)
• Acorn Woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus)
• (Callirhytis)
• Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius)
• American Coot (Fulica americana)
• Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger)
• California Ground Squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi)
• White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis)
• Oak Leaf Gall Midge (Polystepha pilulae)
• Band-tailed Pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata)
• Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis)
• Spongy Oak Apple Gall Wasp (Amphibolips confluenta)
• Western Gray Squirrel (Sciurus griseus)
• Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata)
• Leafy Mistletoes (Phoradendron)
• Oak Mistletoe (Phoradendron villosum)
• American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
• California Scrub-jay (Aphelocoma californica)
• California Gall Wasp (Andricus quercuscalifornicus)
• (Amphibolips)
• Merriam's Chipmunk (Neotamias merriami)
• Red-spotted Admiral (Limenitis arthemis)
• Western Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio rutulus)
• Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio glaucus)
• Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus)
• Edwards' Hairstreak (Satyrium edwardsii)
• Hedgerow Hairstreak (Satyrium saepium)
• Green Immigrant Leaf Weevil (Polydrusus formosus)
• Hen Of The Woods (Grifola frondosa)
• Aniseed Funnel (Clitocybe odora)
• Black Witches' Butter (Exidia glandulosa)
• Artist's Bracket (Ganoderma applanatum)
• Golden Pholiota (Pholiota aurivella)
• Scaly Shield (Pluteus petasatus)
• Chicken Of The Woods (Laetiporus sulphureus)
• Splitgill Mushroom (Schizophyllum commune)
• (Trametes pubescens)
• Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
• Sandhill Crane (Antigone canadensis)
• Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
• Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus)
• California Quail (Callipepla californica)
• Wood Duck (Aix sponsa)
• European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
• Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula)
• Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)
• Rock Pigeon (Columba livia)
• Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus)
• Turkey And Yellow-headed Vultures (Cathartes)
• Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus)
• (Melolontha melolontha)
• (Calliteara pudibunda)
• Ld Moth (Lymantria dispar)
• (Antheraea yamamai)
• (Lophocampa caryae)
• (Panolis flammea)
• (Lymantria monacha)
• (Malacosoma californica)
• (Malacosoma disstria)
• (Malacosoma neustria)
• (Hylesia nigricans)
• (Cnidocampa flavescens)
• (Actias artemis)
• (Lebeda nobilis)
• (Kunugia undans)
• Orange-tipped Oakworm Moth (Anisota senatoria)
• (Ennomos subsignaria)
• (Lambdina fiscellaria)
• (Cryptophlebia leucotreta)
• Oak Eggar (Lasiocampa quercus)
• (Euproctis chrysorrhoea)
• Io Moth (Automeris io)
• (Phryganidia californica)
• (Antheraea mylitta)
• (Phigalia)
• (Phigalia pilosaria)
• (Agrochola helvola)
• (Erannis tiliaria)
• Polyphemus Moth (Antheraea polyphemus)
• Mottled Umber (Erannis defoliaria)

Preyed upon by

• (Ampedus hjorti)
• (Ampedus cardinalis)
• (Dasytes cyaneus)
• (Pediacus dermestoides)
• (Stenagostus rhombeus)
• (Zyras cognatus)
• (Phloeopora concolor)
• (Rhizophagus perforatus)
• (Pediacus depressus)
• (Schizotus pectinicornis)
• (Colydium filiforme)
• (Corticeus bicolor)
• (Rabocerus gabrieli)
• (Phloeopora corticalis)
• (Scydmoraphes sparshalli)
• (Brachygonus dubius)
• (Nevraphes plicicollis)
• (Dasytes nigrocyaneus)
• (Korynetes ruficornis)
• (Corticeus fraxini)
• (Uleiota planata)
• (Rhizophagus nitidulus)
• (Dermestoides sanguinicollis)
• (Oxylaemus variolosus)
• (Dendrophagus crenatus)
• (Vincenzellus ruficollis)
• (Rhizophagus cribratus)
• (Salpingus ruficollis)
• (Colydium elongatum)
• (Lissodema cursor)
• (Rhizophagus picipes)
• (Pyrochroa coccinea)
• (Sphaeriestes stockmanni)
• (Ipidia binotata)
• (Platysoma angustatum)
• (Sphaeriestes reyi)
• (Corticeus unicolor)
• (Teredus cylindricus)
• (Trichoceble memnonia)
• (Cyanostolus aeneus)
• (Ampedus elegantulus)
• (Platylomalus complanatus)
• (Euthiconus conicicollis)
• (Phloeopora teres)
• (Corticeus fasciatus)