Pollinates

• Buttercups (Ranunculus)
• Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
• Spreading Dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium)
• Ulmo (Eucryphia cordifolia)
• Prickly Myrtle (Rhaphithamnus spinosus)
• (Eucalyptus nitens)
• (Oxalis squamata)
• Mountain Avens (Dryas octopetala)
• Twinflower (Linnaea borealis)
• (Eriogonum ovalifolium vineum)

Eaten by

• (Tenthredo)
• Garfish (Belone belone)
• American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla)
• Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus)
• Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)
• Vireos (Vireo)
• Western Wood-pewee (Contopus sordidulus)
• Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius)
• Purple Martin (Progne subis)
• Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater)
• (Menemerus semilimbatus)
• Taieri Flathead Galaxias (Galaxias depressiceps)
• (Atherinella brasiliensis)
• (Agonostomus monticola)
• Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)
• (Galaxias vulgaris)
• (Galaxias brevipinnis)
• (Colibri coruscans)
• Eurasian Blackbird (Turdus merula)
• Yellow-legged Hornet (Vespa velutina)
• Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis)
• Lucy's Warbler (Leiothlypis luciae)
• Glossy Ibis (Plegadis falcinellus)
• Harlequin Duck (Histrionicus histrionicus)
• Northern Pintail (Anas acuta)
• Philadelphia Vireo (Vireo philadelphicus)
• White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus)
• Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus)
• Vaux's Swift (Chaetura vauxi)
• Lapland Longspur (Calcarius lapponicus)
• Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor)
• (Corvus caurinus)

Preyed upon by

• Gray Wall Jumping Spider (Menemerus bivittatus)
• Meadowhawks (Sympetrum)
• Tangleweb Spiders (Theridion)
• Jumping Spiders (Salticidae)
• Darners (Aeshnidae)
• Ground Crab Spiders (Xysticus)
• Skimmers (Libellulidae)
• Dragonflies (Anisoptera)
• Damselflies (Zygoptera)
• Chasers And King Skimmers (Libellula)
• Grasshoppers, Crickets, And Katydids (Orthoptera)
• Katydids (Tettigoniidae)
• Hawkers And Typical Darners (Aeshna)
• (Maratus griseus)
• (Miomantis caffra)
• Golden Jumping Spider (Paraphidippus aurantius)
• (Phidippus mystaceus)
• (Oxyopes gracilipes)
• (Drosera stenopetala)
• Fishing Spiders (Dolomedes)
• (Larinioides)
• (Somatochlora)
• (Marpissa radiata)
• (Hercostomus assimilis)
• Yellow-spotted Emerald (Somatochlora flavomaculata)
• Ruddy Darter (Sympetrum sanguineum)
• (Coenagrion pulchellum)
• Short-winged Conehead (Conocephalus dorsalis)
• European Nursery Web Spider (Pisaura mirabilis)
• Vagrant Darter (Sympetrum vulgatum)
• (Dolichopus nubilius)
• Wasp Spider (Argiope bruennichi)
• Bordered Orbweaver (Neoscona adianta)
• Slender Crab Spiders (Tibellus)
• (Tetragnatha extensa)
• (Clubiona stagnatilis)
• (Conocephalus fuscus)
• (Clubiona phragmitis)
• (Sympetrum striolatum)
• (Ensifera)
• (Evarcha arcuata)
• Northern Bluets (Coenagrion)
• (Libellula depressa)
• (Paravespula vulgaris)
• Blue-tailed Damselfly (Ischnura elegans)
• Green Huntsman Spider (Micrommata virescens)
• (Orthetrum)
• (Dolichopus nitidus)
• (Phylloneta impressa)
• (Dolichovespula sylvestris)
• (Orthetrum cancellatum)
• (Tetragnatha pinicola)
• (Theridion pictum)
• Five-striped Spider (Thanatus striatus)
• Leaflitter Crab Spiders (Ozyptila)
• Common Winter Damselfly (Sympecma fusca)
• (Araneus sturmi)
• (Dolichopus nubilius Meigen, 1924)
• Long-tailed Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus)
• (Mystacina tuberculata)
• Mehely's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mehelyi)
• Kuhl's Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii)
• Lesser Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros)
• Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus)
• Cave Myotis (Myotis velifer)
• Common Noctule (Nyctalus noctula)
• Pygmy Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus)
• Common Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)
• Geoffroy's Bat (Myotis emarginatus)
• Yellow-legged Hornet (Vespa velutina)