Eaten by

• Blinded Sphinx (Paonias excaecata)
• Penitent Underwing (Catocala piatrix)
• Chicken Of The Woods (Laetiporus sulphureus)
• House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus)
• Oak Bush-cricket (Meconema thalassinum)
• American Beaver (Castor canadensis)
• Baltimore Checkerspot (Euphydryas phaeton)
• Mourning Cloak (Nymphalis antiopa)
• Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio glaucus)
• Western Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio rutulus)
• Eastern Tent Caterpillar Moth (Malacosoma americana)
• Artist's Bracket (Ganoderma applanatum)
• Hen Of The Woods (Grifola frondosa)
• Golden Pholiota (Pholiota aurivella)
• (Trametes pubescens)
• (Viennotaleyrodes)
• (Psyllopsis fraxinicola)
• (Psyllopsis fraxini)
• (Craesus septentrionalis)
• (Pachyprotasis antennata)
• (Pachyprotasis rapae)
• (Tenthredo vespa)
• (Macrophya punctumalbum)
• (Rhogogaster punctulata)
• (Tomostethus nigritus)
• Ferruginous Eulia Moth (Eulia ministrana)
• (Prays fraxinella)
• (Ptycholoma lecheana)
• Omnivorous Leafroller (Archips purpurana)
• (Hedya dimidioalba)
• Waved Sphinx (Ceratomia undulosa)
• (Paranthrene asilipennis)
• (Smerinthus jamaicensis)
• (Saturnia)
• (Sphinx gordius)
• (Sphinx canadensis)
• (Samia walkeri)
• Rustic Sphinx (Manduca rustica)
• (Saturnia pyri)
• (Callosamia promethea)
• Io Moth (Automeris io)
• (Rothschildia aurota)
• (Saturnia pavonia)
• (Attacus lorquinii)
• (Ceratomia sonorensis)
• Regal Moth (Citheronia regalis)
• (Papilio multicaudatus)
• (Hyperaeschra georgica)
• (Atethmia centrago)
• (Euplexia lucipara)
• (Homoncocnemis fortis)
• (Lithophane bethunei)
• Ashen Pinions And Allies (Lithophane antennata)
• (Agrochola circellaris)
• (Lithophane semibrunnea)
• (Acronicta impleta)
• (Acronicta americana)
• (Ussuriana)
• (Phyllodesma americana)
• (Phyllodesma carpinifolia)
• (Poecilocampa populi)
• (Phobetron pithecium)
• (Malacosoma disstria)
• (Eupithecia innotata)
• Sharp-lined Yellow (Sicya macularia)
• (Satyrium liparops)
• (Plagodis kuetzingi)
• (Zeuzera pyrina)
• (Caloptilia ussuriella)
• (Ennomos subsignaria)
• (Apeira syringaria)
• (Stenalcidia pampinaria)
• (Erannis tiliaria)
• (Plagodis fervidaria)
• (Lambdina fervidaria)
• Chain-dotted Geometer (Cingilia catenaria)
• (Carsia sororiata)
• (Ennomos autumnaria)
• (Phragmatobia fuliginosa)
• (Apatelodes torrefacta)
• Scarlet Tiger (Callimorpha dominula)
• (Lophocampa caryae)
• Pink-legged Tiger Moth (Spilosoma latipennis)
• (Adela croesella)
• (Aceria fraxiniflora)
• (Dasineura pellex)
• (Caloptilia fraxinella)
• Two-tailed Swallowtail (Papilio multicaudata)
• (Neoclytus acuminatus)
• (Eupareophora parca)
• (Tethida barda)
• (Dasineura tumidosae)
• Eurasian Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula)
• (Sclerencoelia fraxinicola)
• Kaka (Nestor meridionalis)
• (Agrilus planipennis)
• (Aceria fraxini)
• (Siphoninus phillyreae)
• (Metcalfa pruinosa)
• (Catasticta nimbice nimbice)

Pollinated by

• (Rivellia)
• Carpet Beetles (Anthrenus)
• Carder Bees (Anthidium)
• (Sphex)
• (Wind)
• (Ptilandrena)
• (Hippelates plebejus)
• (Euschistus variolarius)
• (Frontina)
• (Hyalurgus)
• (Chloralictus)
• Orange-banded Spineleg (Myolepta varipes)
• (Lampronota)
• (Phthiria)
• (Colletes productus)
• (Trachandrena)
• (Leionotus)
• (Coelioxys octodentata)
• (Thecla edwardsi)
• (Parhelophilus divisus)
• (Elachiptera)
• (Palmodes)
• (Nysson plagiatus)
• (Cerceris clypeata)
• (Exorista)
• (Leptometopa latipes)
• (Acanthoscelides obtectus)
• (Themira putris)
• (Metopia argyrocephala)
• (Coelioxys alternata)
• (Phasia aldrichii)
• (Corizus)
• (Stylogaster neglecta)
• (Phasia)
• (Hypostena)
• (Euphorus)
• (Cylindromyia rufipes)
• (Curtisapis)
• (Drepanium)