Eaten by

• Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes)
• Common Eastern Bumble Bee (Bombus impatiens)
• Baltimore Checkerspot (Euphydryas phaeton)
• Striped Garden Caterpillar Moth (Trichordestra legitima)
• Common Eupithecia Moth (Eupithecia miserulata)
• (Gnorimoschema)
• Fraternal Potter Wasp (Eumenes fraternus)
• Eastern Yellowjacket (Vespula maculifrons)
• Spotted Cucumber Beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata)
• Ligated Furrow Bee (Halictus ligatus)
• Oblique Streaktail (Allograpta obliqua)
• Celery Leaftier Moth (Udea rubigalis)
• Eastern Calligrapher (Toxomerus geminatus)
• Pure Green-sweat Bee (Augochlora pura)
• Small Milkweed Bug (Lygaeus kalmii)
• (Eupeodes americanus)
• Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus)
• Corn Earworm Moth (Helicoverpa zea)
• (Chrysopa oculata)
• Margined Calligrapher (Toxomerus marginatus)
• Exotic Streaktail (Allograpta exotica)
• Yellow-banded Bumble Bee (Bombus terricola)
• Goldenrod Soldier Beetle (Chauliognathus pensylvanicus)
• Tufted Globetail (Sphaerophoria contigua)
• Eastern Tailed-blue (Cupido comyntas)
• Monarch (Danaus plexippus)
• (Isodontia philadelphica)
• Goldenrod Gall Fly (Eurosta solidaginis)
• Peg-legged Compost Fly (Syritta flaviventris)
• Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
• (Euodynerus pratensis)
• Great Golden Digger Wasp (Sphex ichneumoneus)
• Typical Weevil Wasps And Allies (Cerceris)
• Silver-spotted Skipper (Epargyreus clarus)
• Large Milkweed Bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus)
• Western Leafcutter (Megachile perihirta)
• Great Spangled Fritillary (Speyeria cybele)
• Brown-belted Bumble Bee (Bombus griseocollis)
• Cabbage White (Pieris rapae)
• Red-belted Bumble Bee (Bombus rufocinctus)
• Fuscatus-group Paper Wasps (Fuscopolistes)
• European Paper Wasp (Polistes dominula)
• Double-banded Scoliid Wasp (Scolia bicincta)
• White-striped Black (Trichodezia albovittata)
• Western Paper Wasp (Mischocyttarus flavitarsis)
• Elegant Grass-carrying Wasp (Isodontia elegans)
• Hidalgo Mason Wasp (Euodynerus hidalgo)
• (Euodynerus)
• American Sand Wasp (Bembix americana)
• Hedgerow Hairstreak (Satyrium saepium)
• Fiery Skipper (Hylephila phyleus)
• Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio glaucus)
• Lorquin's Admiral (Limenitis lorquini)
• Bumble Bees (Bombus)
• Four-banded Stink Bug Wasp (Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus)
• Metallic Sweat Bees (Dialictus)
• Black-backed Grass Skimmer (Paragus haemorrhous)
• (Megachile fidelis)
• Urbane Digger Bee (Anthophora urbana)
• Texas Striped Sweat Bee (Agapostemon texanus)
• Cellophane Bees (Colletes)
• Northern Amber Bumble Bee (Bombus borealis)
• Asian Lady Beetle (Harmonia axyridis)
• Yellow-faced Bumble Bee (Bombus vosnesenskii)
• Metallic Epauletted-sweat Bee (Augochloropsis metallica)
• Four-speckled Hover Fly (Dioprosopa clavata)
• Small Copper (Lycaena phlaeas)
• (Uroleucon)
• (Synchlora)
• Red Admiral (Vanessa atalanta)
• Northern Checkerspot (Chlosyne palla)
• (Chlosyne whitneyi)
• Pearl Crescent (Phyciodes tharos)
• (Pseudoplusia includens)
• Western Encephalitis Mosquito (Culex tarsalis)
• (Platynota idaeusalis)
• (Melanoplus angustipennis)
• (Melanoplus scudderi)
• (Hesperotettix viridis)
• (Hypera punctata)
• (Pachyprotasis simulans)
• (Pachyprotasis rapae)
• (Choristoneura parallela)
• (Sparganothis unifasciana)
• (Phaneta ochroterminana)
• (Endothenia hebesana)
• (Phaneta olivaceana)
• (Episimus argutana)
• (Eucosma derelicta)
• (Eucosma mobilensis)
• (Eucosma aemulana)
• (Aphelia alleniana)
• (Epiblema scudderiana)
• (Eucosma mandana)
• (Lobesia reliquana)
• (Eucosma dorsisignatana)
• (Eupoecilia angustana)
• (Cochylidia subroseana)
• (Ancylis comptana)
• (Cochylis epilinana)

Preyed upon by

• Monarch (Danaus plexippus)

Pollinated by

• Ground Yellowjackets (Vespula)
• Beetles (Coleoptera)
• Butterflies And Moths (Lepidoptera)
• Bees And Apoid Wasps (Apoidea)
• Flies (Diptera)
• (Lasioglossum)
• Northern Crescent (Phyciodes cocyta)
• (Nonarthra cyanea)
• (Aulacophora nigripennis )
• (Poecilanthrax sp.)
• (Bembix sp.)
• (Lejops distinctus)
• (Lejops curvipes)