Eats

• Poplars, Cottonwoods, And Aspens (Populus)
• Common Hazel (Corylus avellana)
• White Willow (Salix alba)
• (Ebenus armitagei)
• European Black Elderberry (Sambucus nigra)
• Common Dogwood (Cornus sanguinea)
• Common Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna)
• Field Elm (Ulmus minor)
• Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa)
• Spindle (Euonymus europaeus)

Preys on

• Oleander Aphid (Aphis nerii)
• Blue Dasher (Pachydiplax longipennis)
• Aphids (Aphididae)
• Green Dock Beetle (Gastrophysa viridula)

Pollinates

• (Eucalyptus nitens)
• (Oxythyrea funesta)
• (Nototrichium sandwicense)
• (Lupinus nipomensis)

Eaten by

• Asian Lady Beetle (Harmonia axyridis)
• California Quail (Callipepla californica)
• Hutton's Vireo (Vireo huttoni)
• Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)
• Vireos (Vireo)
• Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)
• Ash-throated Flycatcher (Myiarchus cinerascens)
• Winter Wren (Troglodytes hiemalis)
• European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
• Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius)
• Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea)
• Purple Martin (Progne subis)
• Violet-green Swallow (Tachycineta thalassina)
• Black-headed Grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus)
• Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus)
• Kinglets (Regulus)
• Nashville Warbler (Leiothlypis ruficapilla)
• Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia)
• Orange-crowned Warbler (Leiothlypis celata)
• Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa)
• House Wren (Troglodytes aedon)
• Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna)
• Western Wood-pewee (Contopus sordidulus)
• Pacific-slope Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis)
• Bullock's Oriole (Icterus bullockii)
• Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus)
• Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes bewickii)
• Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus)
• (Zelus longipes)
• (Zelus cervicalis)
• (Arma custos)
• White-eyed Vireo (Vireo griseus)
• (Veromessor pergandei)
• (Laphria macquarti)
• (Oreortyx pictus)
• Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta)
• Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis)
• Adelaide's Warbler (Setophaga adelaidae)
• Northern Parula (Setophaga americana)
• Puerto Rican Vireo (Vireo latimeri)
• Lesser Antillean Pewee (Contopus latirostris)
• Black-whiskered Vireo (Vireo altiloquus)
• Puerto Rican Tody (Todus mexicanus)
• Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola)
• Loggerhead Kingbird (Tyrannus caudifasciatus)
• Sharp-tailed Grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus)
• Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus)
• Blue Grouse (Dendragapus)
• Verdin (Auriparus flaviceps)
• (Vireo flavifrons)
• Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus)
• Philadelphia Vireo (Vireo philadelphicus)
• Eastern Wood-pewee (Contopus virens)
• (Empidonax flaviventris)
• Eastern Screech-owl (Megascops asio)
• (Camptostoma imberbe)
• (Picoides villosus)
• (Dryobates albolarvatus)
• (Sphyrapicus thyroideus)
• (Empidonax oberholseri)
• Wilson's Warbler (Cardellina pusilla)
• Hammond's Flycatcher (Empidonax hammondii)
• Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor)
• Bell's Sparrow (Artemisiospiza belli)
• (Sitta pygmaea)
• (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus)

Preyed upon by

• Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)
• White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis)
• Asian Lady Beetle (Harmonia axyridis)
• Bold Jumping Spider (Phidippus audax)
• Ring-headed Dwarf Snake (Eirenis modestus)
• Wheel Bug (Arilus cristatus)
• (Anatis mali)
• (Dasysyrphus)
• (Zosterops japonicus)
• Candy-striped Spider Complex (Enoplognatha ovata)
• (Laphria virginica)
• (Euthyrhynchus floridanus)
• Evening Bat (Nycticeius humeralis)