Eaten by

• Crows And Ravens (Corvus)
• Cecropia Moth (Hyalophora cecropia)
• Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio glaucus)
• Pale Swallowtail (Papilio eurymedon)
• Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui)
• Viceroy (Limenitis archippus)
• Red-spotted Admiral (Limenitis arthemis)
• (Stigmella)
• (Dasychira)
• American Copper Underwing (Amphipyra pyramidoides)
• (Campaea)
• Sulphur-crested Cockatoo (Cacatua galerita)
• American Robin (Turdus migratorius)
• Black Knot (Apiosporina morbosa)
• Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
• White-bowed Smoothwing (Scaeva affinis)
• Two-spotted Bumble Bee (Bombus bimaculatus)
• Bumble Bees (Bombus)
• Monarch (Danaus plexippus)
• Eastern Comma (Polygonia comma)
• Seven-spotted Lady Beetle (Coccinella septempunctata)
• Mourning Cloak (Nymphalis antiopa)
• Band-tailed Pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata)
• Japanese Beetle (Popillia japonica)
• European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
• House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus)
• California Ground Squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi)
• Yellow-faced Bumble Bee (Bombus vosnesenskii)
• Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte anna)
• Eastern Tent Caterpillar Moth (Malacosoma americana)
• Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum)
• Valley Carpenter Bee (Xylocopa sonorina)
• Nomad Bees (Nomada)
• California Towhee (Melozone crissalis)
• Typical Thrushes (Turdus)
• Myiarchus Flycatchers (Myiarchus)
• Ground-sparrows And Brown Towhees (Melozone)
• Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula)
• Common Raven (Corvus corax)
• Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra)
• Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus)
• Lorquin's Admiral (Limenitis lorquini)
• Western Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio rutulus)
• Southern Green Stink Bug (Nezara viridula)
• Virginian Tiger Moth (Spilosoma virginica)
• Isabella Tiger Moth (Pyrrharctia isabella)
• Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata)
• Ten-lined June Beetle (Polyphylla decemlineata)
• (Fomes)
• (Bonasa)
• Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
• Green Immigrant Leaf Weevil (Polydrusus formosus)
• Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
• Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus)
• Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius)
• American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
• Rock Pigeon (Columba livia)
• Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana)
• Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis)
• Black-headed Grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus)
• Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis)
• California Scrub-jay (Aphelocoma californica)
• Bullock's Oriole (Icterus bullockii)
• California Quail (Callipepla californica)
• Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus)
• Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus)
• Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
• (Calyptra eustrigata)
• (Calyptra ophideroides)
• (Calyptra pseudobicolor)
• (Calyptra bicolor)
• (North American deermouse)
• (Spermophilus franklinii)
• (canker)
• (Lepus americanus)
• Sinister Moth (Pholodes sinistraria)
• (Netrocoryne repanda)
• (Hypochrysops ignitus)
• (Anoplognathus olivieri)
• (Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale)
• (Rhopalosiphum padi)
• (Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae)
• (Rhopalosiphum musae)
• Black Cherry Aphid (Myzus cerasi)
• Mealy Plum Aphid (Hyalopterus pruni)
• (Coridromius chenopoderis)
• (Brachycaudus persicae)
• (Brachycaudus helichrysi)
• (Pristiphora (Micronematus) monogyniae)
• Cherry Slug Sawfly (Caliroa cerasi)
• (Rhogogaster punctulata)
• (Tenthredo ferruginea)
• (Pristiphora appendiculata)
• (Sterictiphora angelicae)
• (Pristiphora biscalis)
• (Pamphilius sylvaticus)
• (Neurotoma saltuum)
• (Ctenomorpha marginipennis)
• (Ptycholoma lecheana)
• (Sparganothis reticulatana)

Preyed upon by

• American Black Bear (Ursus americanus)

Pollinated by

• Bees And Apoid Wasps (Apoidea)
• Flies (Diptera)
• Beetles (Coleoptera)
• (Eristalis cerealis )
• (Episyrphus balteatus)
• (Priophorus nigricans )
• (Loderus insulicola )
• (Libythea celtis )
• (Eurema hecabe )
• (Polistes mandarinus )
• (Helophilus virgatus )
• (Empis flavofasalis )