Eats

• Insects (Insecta)
• Bacteria (Bacteria)
• Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae)
• Animals (Animalia)
• (Mysidae)
• Sea Butterflies (Pteropoda)
• Copepods (Copepoda)
• Olives (Olea)
• Figs (Ficus)
• Crotons (Croton)
• African Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis)
• Jasmine (Jasminum)
• Donkeyberries (Grewia)
• (Detritus)
• (Carrion)
• (Phytoplankton)
• (Meso and microzooplankton)
• (Prymnesiophyceae)
• (bacterioplankton)
• (Crangon)
• (ooze)
• (Cryptophyceae)
• (Phaeocystis)
• (http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F2DBC15DD8BB27ECF090241B35216B1C)
• (Manilkara)
• (Coula edulis)
• Shiny-leaf (Rhamnus prinoides)
• (Acacia tortilis)
• Coffees (Coffea)
• (Isoberlinia angolensis)
• Upas Tree (Antiaris toxicaria)
• (Pygeum africanum)
• Giantleaf Fig (Ficus lutea)
• Bastard Fig (Trilepisium madagascariense)
• Pod-mahogany (Afzelia quanzensis)
• (Syzgium guineensis)
• (Clerodendrum capitatum)
• Mnondo (Julbernardia globiflora)
• (Coelocaryon preussii)
• Cape Ash (Ekebergia capensis)
• (Dichtyophleba stipulosa)
• Persimmons (Diospyros)
• (Synsepalum)
• Toothbrush Tree (Salvadora persica)
• White Pear (Apodytes dimidiata)
• (Heisteria)
• (Xylopia)
• (Strombosia)
• Wild Grapes (Cyphostemma)
• African Cocatree (Erythroxylum emarginatum)
• Arabian Num-num (Carissa edulis)
• (Pentaclethra)
• Common Wild Fig (Ficus thonningii)
• Guinea Plum (Parinari excelsa)
• African Nutmeg (Pycnanthus angolensis)
• (Polyalthia)
• Bugweed (Solanum mauritianum)
• African Corkwood Tree (Musanga cecropioides)
• Cornstalk Dracaena (Dracaena fragrans)
• (Polyscias fulva)
• (Dovyalis)
• Cape Fig (Ficus sur)
• African Mangoes (Irvingia)
• (Allophylus abyssinicus)
• (Panda)
• Corkwoods (Commiphora)
• (Dichostemma glaucescens)
• Cheesewood (Pittosporum viridiflorum)
• (Culcasia falcifolia)
• (Staudtia gabonensis)
• Wild Coffees (Psychotria)
• (Blighia)
• Coastal Goldenleaf (Bridelia micrantha)
• (Casearia)
• (Cissus)
• Red Milkwoods (Mimusops)
• Twotone Raisin (Grewia bicolor)
• African Mulberry (Morus mesozygia)
• (Maesa indica)
• (Mammea africana)
• (Klainedoxa)
• Pepper Plants (Piper)
• Orange Climber (Toddalia asiatica)
• (Santiria)
• (Harungana madagascariensis)
• White Milkwood (Sideroxylon inerme)
• Karamu (Coprosma robusta)

Preys on

• Animals (Animalia)
• Plants (Plantae)
• Amphipods (Amphipoda)
• European Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
• Copepods (Copepoda)
• Bacteria (Bacteria)
• Crustaceans (Crustacea)
• (Prokaryota)
• (Phytoplankton)
• (Epipellic Flora)
• (Protista)
• (Maritrema novaezealandense)
• (Exogone)
• (Colurostylis lemurum)
• (Gymnophallus)
• (Opecoelidae)
• (Hesionidae)
• (Phoxocephalus regium)
• (Capittelidae)
• (Paraonis)
• (Lysianassidae)
• (Renicola)
• (Galactosomum)
• (Curtuteria australis)
• (Microphallus)
• (Tanaisus sp.)
• (Diastillidae)
• (Prinospio sp. 2)
• (Paracorophium lucasi)
• (Malacoceros)
• (Pontharpinia)
• (Stigeidae)
• (Diastylopsis thileniusi)
• (Tharyx)
• (Fellostomatidae)
• (Acanthoparyphium)
• (Aora)
• (Sphaerodorum)
• (Oedicerotidae)
• (Capitellidae)
• (Philophthalmus)
• (Levinseniella)
• (Paracalliope)
• (Neballidae)
• (Heterophoxus stephenseni)
• (Garra)
• (Auchenoglanis biscutatus)
• (Cryptophyceae)
• (Phaeocystis)
• British Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis britannica)
• Sacred Kingfisher (Todiramphus sanctus)
• (Powelliphanta annectens)
• Widow Skimmer (Libellula luctuosa)
• Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)

Pollinates

• Maples (Acer)

Eaten by

• Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)
• Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas)
• Elasmobranchs (Elasmobranchii)
• Mackerels, Tunas, And Bonitos (Scombridae)
• Ray-finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)
• Caridean Shrimps (Caridea)
• Mullets (Mugilidae)
• True Crabs (Brachyura)
• Cephalopods (Cephalopoda)
• Shearwaters And Petrels (Procellariidae)
• Arthropods (Arthropoda)
• Spiders (Araneae)
• Pyramid Ants (Dorymyrmex)
• Housefly (Musca domestica)
• Flies (Diptera)
• Coyote (Canis latrans)
• Crows And Ravens (Corvus)
• Turtles And Tortoises (Testudines)
• Animals (Animalia)
• Atlantic Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus)
• (Nereis)
• Soft-shelled Clam (Mya arenaria)
• Polychaete Worms (Polychaeta)
• Hawks, Eagles, And Kites (Accipitridae)
• True Guillemots (Cepphus)
• Earless Seals (Phocidae)
• Southern Fire Ant (Solenopsis xyloni)
• Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus)
• Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura)
• Metallic Sweat Bees (Dialictus)
• (Lasioglossum)
• Rough Harvester Ant (Pogonomyrmex rugosus)
• Jack Mackerels (Trachurus)
• Anchovies (Engraulidae)
• Birds (Aves)
• Amberjacks (Seriola)
• Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus)
• Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)
• Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus)
• Spiny Spider Crab (Maja brachydactyla)
• Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla)
• Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularius)
• Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus)
• Swarming Squat Lobster (Munida gregaria)
• Blue Jelly (Cyanea lamarckii)
• Henslow's Swimming Crab (Polybius henslowii)
• Large White-headed Gulls (Larus)
• Common Murre (Uria aalge)
• Rhinoceros Auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata)
• Pelagic Gooseneck Barnacle (Lepas anatifera)
• (Ovalipes)
• Tuna Crab (Pleuroncodes planipes)
• Rockpool Prawn (Palaemon elegans)
• Victoria's Crystal Jelly (Aequorea victoria)
• Ram's Horn Squid (Spirula spirula)
• Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)
• Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis)
• Northern Comb Jelly (Beroe cucumis)
• Bigfin Reef Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana)
• Brown Comb Jelly (Beroe ovata)
• Cannonball Jelly (Stomolophus meleagris)
• Moon Jelly (Aurelia aurita)
• Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)
• Beadlet Anemone (Actinia equina)
• California Spiny Lobster (Panulirus interruptus)
• Southern Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii)
• Bat Star (Patiria miniata)
• Atlantic Dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus)
• By-the-wind Sailor (Velella velella)
• European Flying Squid (Todarodes sagittatus)
• Elegant Cuttlefish (Sepia elegans)
• Olive Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea)
• Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
• Opalescent Inshore Squid (Doryteuthis opalescens)
• European Common Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis)
• Dungeness Crab (Metacarcinus magister)
• Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca)
• Typical Cormorants And Shags (Phalacrocorax)
• European Green Crab (Carcinus maenas)
• Tiger Flies (Coenosia)
• Blue Jack Mackerel (Trachurus picturatus)
• Sea Butterflies (Pteropoda)
• Decapods (Decapoda)
• Mosquitofishes (Gambusia)
• Common Triplefin (Forsterygion lapillum)
• Ocean Blue-eye Trevalla (Schedophilus velaini)
• Eastern Sea Garfish (Hyporhamphus australis)
• Cosmopolitan Rubyfish (Plagiogeneion rubiginosum)
• (Hyporhamphus)
• Chromis (Chromis)
• (Raja)
• Yellowfin Croaker (Umbrina roncador)
• Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)
• Bluebottle-fish (Nomeus gronovii)
• Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
• Common Mola (Mola mola)
• Mediterranean Damselfish (Chromis chromis)
• Northern Anchovy (Engraulis mordax)
• Common Mullets (Mugil)
• Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides)
• Pilotfish (Naucrates ductor)
• Small-spotted Catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula)
• Kingcroakers (Menticirrhus)
• (Umbrina)
• Common Bellowsfish (Macroramphosus scolopax)
• Wide-eyed Flounder (Bothus podas)
• Common Snappers (Lutjanus)
• Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares)
• Bluefin Tunas (Thunnus)
• Albacore (Thunnus alalunga)
• European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
• Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus)
• Mediterranean Rainbow Wrasse (Coris julis)
• Giant Goby (Gobius cobitis)
• Five-bearded Rockling (Ciliata mustela)
• Greater Amberjack (Seriola dumerili)
• Keeljaw Longtom (Tylosurus acus)
• Sharksucker (Echeneis naucrates)
• Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus)
• Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)
• Giant Seahorse (Hippocampus ingens)
• Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi)
• Woolly Sculpin (Clinocottus analis)
• Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)
• European Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
• Bay Pipefish (Syngnathus leptorhynchus)
• Seahorses (Hippocampus)
• Grey Triggerfish (Balistes capriscus)
• Banded Killifish (Fundulus diaphanus)
• Slender Tuna (Allothunnus fallai)
• Shortfin Mako (Isurus oxyrinchus)
• Raft-fish (Schedophilus maculatus)
• Luderick (Girella tricuspidata)
• Silver Trevally (Pseudocaranx dentex)
• Pipe-fishes (Syngnathus)
• Smalleyed Skate (Raja microocellata)
• Port Jackson Shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni)
• Eastern Kelpfish (Chironemus marmoratus)
• Garfish (Belone belone)
• Bandtail Puffer (Sphoeroides spengleri)
• Common Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
• Brown Thrushes And Nightingale-thrushes (Catharus)
• Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina)
• Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus)
• Veery (Catharus fuscescens)
• Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla)
• Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa)
• Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina)
• Nashville Warbler (Leiothlypis ruficapilla)
• Purple Finch (Haemorhous purpureus)
• Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis)
• Brown Creeper (Certhia americana)
• Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia)
• Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata)
• Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca)
• Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus)
• Black-headed Grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus)
• American Robin (Turdus migratorius)
• Vireos (Vireo)
• Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana)
• Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
• Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis)
• Mallards, Pintails, And Allies (Anas)
• Great Egret (Ardea alba)
• Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster)
• Blue-winged Teal (Spatula discors)
• Northern Harrier (Circus hudsonius)
• Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
• Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)
• Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus)
• Barn Owl (Tyto alba)
• Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus)
• Barred Owl (Strix varia)
• Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii)
• Merlin (Falco columbarius)
• Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
• Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
• American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
• Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
• Snowy Egret (Egretta thula)
• Western Screech-owl (Megascops kennicottii)
• Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
• Gadwall (Mareca strepera)
• White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi)
• Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)
• Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus)
• Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus)
• Red-footed Booby (Sula sula)
• Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor)
• Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis)
• Wood Duck (Aix sponsa)
• Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica)
• American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
• Cinnamon Teal (Spatula cyanoptera)
• Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris)
• Sandhill Crane (Antigone canadensis)
• Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos)
• Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum)
• Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)
• Green Heron (Butorides virescens)
• Coccyzus Cuckoos (Coccyzus)
• Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
• Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus)
• American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla)
• Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia)
• Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata)
• Blue Grosbeak (Passerina caerulea)
• Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
• Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis)
• Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum)
• California Towhee (Melozone crissalis)
• Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus)
• Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
• Bullock's Oriole (Icterus bullockii)
• Oak Titmouse (Baeolophus inornatus)
• Phainopepla (Phainopepla nitens)
• White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)
• Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)
• American Tree Sparrow (Spizelloides arborea)
• Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula)
• Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris)
• Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)
• Orchard Oriole (Icterus spurius)
• California Quail (Callipepla californica)
• Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus)
• Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)
• Harris's Sparrow (Zonotrichia querula)
• American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana)
• Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus)
• (Xanthocephalus)
• Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus)
• Wilson's Snipe (Gallinago delicata)
• American Woodcock (Scolopax minor)
• Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata)
• Lesser Goldfinch (Spinus psaltria)
• Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius)
• American Goldfinch (Spinus tristis)
• Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna)
• House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus)
• Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus)
• Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe)
• Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis)
• Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus)
• Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla)
• Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea)
• Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana)
• Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum)
• Red-headed Woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus)
• Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula)
• Myiarchus Flycatchers (Myiarchus)
• Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater)
• House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)
• Kinglets (Regulus)
• Black Geese (Branta)
• Melospiza Sparrows (Melospiza)
• Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus)
• California Thrasher (Toxostoma redivivum)
• Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola)
• Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis)
• European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
• White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis)
• American Coot (Fulica americana)
• Rufous-crowned Sparrow (Aimophila ruficeps)
• Brandt's Cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus)
• Mute Swan (Cygnus olor)
• Canada Goose (Branta canadensis)
• Greylag Goose (Anser anser)
• Scaups, Pochards, And Allies (Aythya)
• Neotropic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus)
• Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)
• Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus)
• Western Kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis)
• Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides)
• California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica)
• American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos)
• Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus)
• Northern Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis)
• Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota)
• Common Raven (Corvus corax)
• Rock Pigeon (Columba livia)
• Turkey And Yellow-headed Vultures (Cathartes)
• Atlantic Purple Sea Urchin (Paracentrotus lividus)
• Spanish Dancer (Hexabranchus sanguineus)
• Indo-pacific Comb Star (Astropecten polyacanthus)
• Rough Keyhole Limpet (Diodora aspera)
• Jeweled Top Snail (Calliostoma annulatum)
• Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri)
• Sanderling (Calidris alba)
• Hedgpeth's Dorid (Polycera hedgpethi)
• Salt-and-pepper Doris (Aegires albopunctatus)
• Red Dorid (Rostanga pulchra)
• White-spotted Sea Goddess (Doriopsilla albopunctata)
• Yellow Umbrella Slug (Tylodina fungina)
• San Diego Dorid (Diaulula sandiegensis)
• Giant Keyhole Limpet (Megathura crenulata)
• Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris)
• Sargo (Anisotremus davidsonii)
• (Bothus)
• Guineafowl Puffer (Arothron meleagris)
• Greater Soapfish (Rypticus saponaceus)
• (Scorpaena)
• Common Milkcaps (Lactarius)
• Shanny (Lipophrys pholis)
• Sharpnose Sculpins (Clinocottus)
• Wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri)
• Atlantic Silverside (Menidia menidia)
• Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias)

Preyed upon by

• (Mya)
• Animals (Animalia)
• Green Crabs (Carcinus)
• Black Mussels (Mytilus)
• Northern Acorn Barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides)
• European Green Crab (Carcinus maenas)
• Sand Smelt (Atherina presbyter)
• Blue Mussel (Mytilus edulis)
• Amphipods (Amphipoda)
• Small Brown Sea Anemone (Anthopleura aureoradiata)
• Sea Cucumbers (Holothuroidea)
• Birds (Aves)
• Cephalopods (Cephalopoda)
• Sea Butterflies (Pteropoda)
• Elasmobranchs (Elasmobranchii)
• Ray-finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)
• Mullets (Mugilidae)
• Blue Jack Mackerel (Trachurus picturatus)
• Bladderworts (Utricularia)
• American Robin (Turdus migratorius)
• Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus)
• Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
• Barn Owl (Tyto alba)
• Cooper's Hawk (Accipiter cooperii)
• Merlin (Falco columbarius)
• Barred Owl (Strix varia)
• Green Heron (Butorides virescens)
• American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
• Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
• Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus)
• North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis)
• Northern Harrier (Circus hudsonius)
• Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis)
• Common Raccoon (Procyon lotor)
• Shamrock Orbweaver (Araneus trifolium)
• Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis)
• American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
• Western Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis calurus)
• Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula)
• Atlantic Sharpnose Shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae)
• Silver Hake (Merluccius bilinearis)
• Fourspot Flounder (Hippoglossina oblonga)
• Little Skate (Leucoraja erinacea)
• Longhorn Sculpin (Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus)
• Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus)
• Spotted Hake (Urophycis regia)
• Sea Raven (Hemitripterus americanus)
• Squirrel Hake (Urophycis chuss)
• Weakfish (Cynoscion regalis)
• Windowpane Flounder (Scophthalmus aquosus)
• Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix)
• Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua)
• American Monkfish (Lophius americanus)
• Pollock (Pollachius virens)
• Winter Skate (Leucoraja ocellata)
• Dusky Smooth-hound (Mustelus canis)
• White-spotted Dogfish (Squalus acanthias)
• White Hake (Urophycis tenuis)
• (Macoma)
• (Crangon)
• (Spionidae)
• (Cerastoderma)
• (Cladocera)
• (Turbellaria)
• (Palemon)
• (Praunus)
• (Hediste)
• (Neomysis)
• Common Goby (Pomatoschistus microps)
• Viviparous Blenny (Zoarces viviparus)
• Common Hermit Crab (Pagurus bernhardus)
• Plumose Anemone (Metridium senile)
• Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus)
• Sand Goby (Pomatoschistus minutus)
• (Malmgreniella lunulata)
• (Nereis diversicolor)
• Lesser Sand Lance (Ammodytes tobianus)
• European Flounder (Platichthys flesus)
• Thicklip Grey Mullet (Chelon labrosus)
• (Gasterosterus aculeatus)
• European Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus)
• (Sygnathus rostellatus)
• (Harmothoe)
• European Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa)
• Whiting (Merlangius merlangus)
• Wrinkled Barnacle (Balanus crenatus)
• Twelve-scaled Worm (Lepidonotus squamatus)
• (Sagartiogetum undatum)
• Black Sea Hydrozoan (Obelia longissima)
• Northern Sea Squirt (Molgula manhattensis)
• European Sprat (Sprattus sprattus)
• Brown Shrimp (Crangon crangon)
• Snail Fur (Hydractinia echinata)
• (Sagartia troglodytes)
• Catworm (Nephtys hombergii)
• (Eteone longa)
• (Elminius modestus)
• King Ragworm (Alitta virens)
• Chameleon Shrimp (Praunus flexuosus)
• Stalked Sea Squirt (Styela clava)